Person: ÖZKAN, BEHLÜL
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ÖZKAN
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BEHLÜL
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Publication Open Access Publication Metadata only Cold war-era relations between west Germany and Turkish political Islam: from an anti-communist alliance to a domestic security issue(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2019) ÖZKAN, BEHLÜL; Ozkan, BehlulWest Germany played a significant role in the growth of Political Islam in Turkey during the Cold War. By recruiting from among Turkish workers in West Germany, Islamist organizations and the religious communities known as cemaats acquired significant economic revenues, which they used to fund their activities in Turkey. Moreover, West Germany served as a liaison between Turkish Islamists and Syrian and Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood members, who have influenced Political Islam in Turkey since the 1960s. Prominent Muslim Brotherhood representatives in West Germany took on important roles in the recruitment of Turks and also played some part in shaping the ideological development of Turkish Islamists. Due to the pervasiveness of anti-communism in West Germany and Turkey during the Cold War, the established orders in both countries viewed Political Islam as an antidote to the ascendancy of the Left. However, in the 1980s, Bonn and Ankara grew concerned about Islamist organizations becoming further radicalized and impossible to control; the two governments often cooperated in order to bring Political Islam under their own authority.Publication Metadata only Making a National Vatan in Turkey: Geography Education in the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2014) ÖZKAN, BEHLÜL; Ozkan, BehlulThe concept of homeland, vatan, the essential part of the nation-state establishing the link between the people and the territory, territorializes the national identity by creating a sense of belonging to the sacred soil and turning the imagined boundaries into physical ones. In Turkey, constructing the borders of the national identity and vatan required the transformation of the Ottoman imperial paradigm into a nation-state. Republican reforms were unprecedented in terms of combining Turkish identity with territoriality. With the establishment of the Turkish nation-state, a sense of nationalism substituted servitude to the sultan with loyalty to vatan. This was revolutionary in that the nation was disassociated from Islam and God as the community of believers and from the Ottoman sultan as his loyal servants and now was anchored to the life-giving vatan. This article examines the change in the pedagogy of space in Turkey from the late nineteenth century to the first three decades of the twentieth century, exploring how the mental maps of Turkish people shifted from an imperial to a national scope.Publication Metadata only Making Cyprus a national cause in Turkey's foreign policy, 1948-1965(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015) ÖZKAN, BEHLÜL; Ozkan, BehlulAs the global wave of decolonization that began after 1945 reached the island of Cyprus, the Cyprus question turned into an issue of paramount importance for Turkish nationalists and for the Turkish people in general. Long before, Turkish foreign policy architects - who had previously taken the line that 'Turkey does not have a Cyprus problem' - came to portray Cyprus as a 'national cause'. Three different geopolitical discourses were instrumental in legitimizing Turkey's claims over Cyprus and in leading Turkish society to believe that it had a crucial stake in the fate of the island. Naturalized geopolitics represented Cyprus as a natural extension of the Turkish heartland, while ideological geopolitics put forth that Greek Cypriots were responsible for the spread of communism. Finally, civilizational geopolitics characterized Turkey and Greece's rivalry in Cyprus as the latest chapter in the centuries-old conflict between Turkishness and Hellenism.Publication Metadata only Turkey, Davutoglu and the Idea of Pan-Islamism(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2014) ÖZKAN, BEHLÜL; Ozkan, Behlul