Publication: Finansal içerme ve yoksulluk ilişkisi : Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama
Abstract
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri’nde finansal içerme, yoksullukla mücadele sürecindeki etkili araçlardan biri olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Çalışmada, finansal içermenin yoksulluğu azaltıcı etkisi Türkiye örneği üzerinden incelenmiştir. Finansal içerme, bireyler ve firmalar olmak üzere iki kategoride ele alınmaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye’de finansal içermenin yoksulluğu azaltıcı etkiye sahip olup olmadığı, sahipse bireysel mi yoksa firma bazlı finansal içermenin mi daha etkili olduğu sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Finansal içerme ile yoksulluk ilişkisinin analizinde öncelikle bireysel ve firma bazlı finansal içerme endeksleri oluşturulmuştur. Endeksler 2006-2020 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Oluşturulan endeksler, ekonometrik analiz kısmında finansal içermeyi temsil eden değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır. Endeks oluşturma aşamasında iki farklı yöntem ile hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntemler, Sarma Endeksi ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi’dir. Sonraki aşamada, Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yöntemi ile finansal içermenin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Regresyon analizinden elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye’de finansal içermenin yoksulluk üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Firma bazlı finansal içermenin etkisi bireysel finansal içermeye göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Ancak aradaki fark çok büyük olmadığı için finansal içerme politikalarının hem bireylere hem de firmalara odaklanarak iki kesim arasında dengeli biçimde yürütülmesi gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
In the Sustainable Development Goals, financial inclusion is described as one of the effective tools in the fight against poverty. In the study, the poverty-reducing effect of financial inclusion was examined through the example of Turkey. Financial inclusion falls into two categories, individuals and firms. For this reason, answers were sought to the questions of whether financial inclusion has a poverty-reducing effect in Turkey, and whether individual or firm-based financial inclusion is more effective if it does. In the analysis of the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty, first, individual and firm-based financial inclusion indices were created. The indices cover the years 2006-2020. The created indices were used as variables representing financial inclusion in econometric analysis. Calculations were made with two different methods during the index creation phase. The methods used are Sarma Index and Principal Components Analysis. In the next step, the effect of financial inclusion on poverty was examined with the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method. According to the regression analysis, financial inclusion has a statistically significant and negative effect on poverty in Turkey. The effect of firm-based financial inclusion on poverty was higher than that of individual financial inclusion. However, the difference is not very large. For this reason, financial inclusion policies should be carried out in a balanced way between the two segments, focusing on both individuals and companies.
In the Sustainable Development Goals, financial inclusion is described as one of the effective tools in the fight against poverty. In the study, the poverty-reducing effect of financial inclusion was examined through the example of Turkey. Financial inclusion falls into two categories, individuals and firms. For this reason, answers were sought to the questions of whether financial inclusion has a poverty-reducing effect in Turkey, and whether individual or firm-based financial inclusion is more effective if it does. In the analysis of the relationship between financial inclusion and poverty, first, individual and firm-based financial inclusion indices were created. The indices cover the years 2006-2020. The created indices were used as variables representing financial inclusion in econometric analysis. Calculations were made with two different methods during the index creation phase. The methods used are Sarma Index and Principal Components Analysis. In the next step, the effect of financial inclusion on poverty was examined with the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method. According to the regression analysis, financial inclusion has a statistically significant and negative effect on poverty in Turkey. The effect of firm-based financial inclusion on poverty was higher than that of individual financial inclusion. However, the difference is not very large. For this reason, financial inclusion policies should be carried out in a balanced way between the two segments, focusing on both individuals and companies.
Description
Keywords
Finansal İçerme, Yoksulluk, Temel Bileşenler Analizi Financial Inclusion, Poverty, Principal Components Analysis