Resim sanatında ekspresyonist figür yorumu - İldeş, Gülseren (My University, 2003)
˜lk ‡a§lardan g n m ze kadar resim sanat nda farkl sluplarla fig r yorumlar ger‡ekleŸtirilmiŸtir. Bu yorumlar kimi zaman z t, kimi zaman paralel gibi geliŸen, ak m ekol ve etkinlikler i‡erisinde de§iŸik g”r n mler sergilemiŸtir. Foto§raf makinesinin icad n n sonras nda resim sanat yavaŸ yavaŸ ge‡miŸin kat resim kurallar ndan s yr lm Ÿ, eskinin foto§raf gibi yap lm Ÿ fig rleri, taklit ve tasvirden uzaklaŸm Ÿt r. Yine taklit ve tasvirden uzak olan ve Empresyonizme tepki olarak ortaya ‡ kan Ekspresyonizmle birlikte resimde art k d Ÿ d nyan n ger‡e§i konu edilmemiŸ, baŸka bir ger‡e§i yani sanat‡ n n salt ger‡e§i ”nem kazanm Ÿt r. Toplumun yaŸamakta oldu§u savaŸlar, ekonomik krizler, bunal mlar, Ekspresyonist sanat‡ y olduk‡a etkilemiŸtir. Bununla birlikte Ekspresyonistler insanlar n ‡ekti§i ac lar , yaln zl klar , sefaleti, umutsuzluklar duyumsam Ÿ ve d Ÿavurumlar n ger‡ekleŸtirmiŸlerdir. Ekspresyonist sanat‡ lar gerek sanatsal bi‡imlerindeki benzerlikleri nedeniyle, gerekse ortak e§ilimler ve estetik ama‡ ‡evresinde toplanarak gruplar oluŸturmuŸ, bazen de bir gruba ba§l olmadan da ‡al Ÿmalar n s rd rm Ÿlerdir. Temelde ise b t n Ekspresyonistler kendilerini i‡g d lerine ve i‡ d rt lerine terk etmiŸlerdir. Yo§un d Ÿa vurumla do§rudan do§ruya kendili§inden, Ÿiddetli ve vecd i‡inde yap lm Ÿ etkisi veren resimlerinde, fig rlerin bi‡imlerini bozmuŸlar, kal n boya hamurunu kullanm Ÿlar, yo§un renk, karŸ t de§erler ve deformasyon uygulayarak kendi salt ger‡eklerini ifadeci bir tarzla yans tm Ÿlard r. Farkl tutumlar nedeniyle ‡o§u zaman eleŸtirilen Ekspresyonistler baz ‡evrelerce yoz sanat‡ ilan edilmiŸlerdir, lkelerinden s r lm Ÿler, eserleri yak larak yok edilmiŸ, yine baz ‡evrelerce de eserleri karikat r olaak yorumlanm Ÿt r. Ancak bu davran Ÿlar onlar n ‡al Ÿmalar n durduramam Ÿ, aksine onlar daha ‡ok ‡al Ÿmaya itmiŸtir. 1980 sonras nda Neo-Ekspresyonistler olarak adland r lan sanat‡ lar d Ÿavurumcu, ifadeci fig r yorumunu yeniden g n m ze taŸ m Ÿlard r. Neo-Ekspresyonistlerin Ekspresyonistlerden fark ise azami boyutlar, de§iŸik malzemeler, mistik i‡eri§i olan toy ba§ ml l k, sevgi ve devrimci fig rasyonlar oluŸmuŸtur. Fig r yorumunun gelecek de nas l olaca§ n da zaman g”sterecektir. Through the ages, there were always different styles and approaches of figure interpretation in the art of painting. This varied forms of interpretation exhibited different appearances through the currents, styles and activities, which developed sometimes oppositely and sometimes parallel to another. After the introduction of photography, the art of painting gradually freed itself from its more strict rules and distanced itself from photographically copying and depicting. Expressionism not being a realistic depictment and copying and resulting in reaction to impressionism emphasized the artists pure inner truth rather than the outside reality. Expressionist artists were deeply affected by the wars, economic crisis and troubles suffered by the society they lived in, feeling mankind's pains, misery and hopelessness which they expressed it in their art. Expressionist artists worked in groups based on similarity of artistic form, mutual inclinations and aesthetic goals, some worked also independentially without being attached to any group. Basically all expressionists were guided in their art by their instinctive feelings and emotions. In their art, which gives the feeling of being spontaneously, vehemently and ecstatically painted, they have distorted shape, applied thick paint dough, intense coloring, opposite values and deformation to interpret their inner reality in an expressive way. Expressionists were often criticized for their different ways, their art was decried as degenerate by some, many of them were forced to exile, examples of their art were burned at stake, some circles interpreted their art as caricatures. Bu all these difficulties did not stop them from work, but to the contrary resulted in increasing their efforts. After 1980 Neo-Expressionist artists have brought the expressionistic interpretation again to the present. The difference of Neo-Expressionism to Expressionism lies in the maximal dimensions, use of different materials, the naive dependence on mystic content, love and revolutionary figuration. Time will show us how figure interpretation will evolve in the future.
Keywords: Resim