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ŞENKARDEŞ, İSMAİL

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ŞENKARDEŞ

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İSMAİL

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2019 - 201912020 - 20211
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Unexplored Plant Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus
    (MDPI, 2021-10-01) ŞENKARDEŞ, İSMAİL; Zhang, Leilei; Zengin, Gokhan; Rocchetti, Gabriele; Senkardes, Ismail; Sharmeen, Jugreet B.; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Behl, Tapan; Rouphael, Youssef; Lucini, Luigi
    In the present study, a total of 12 extracts of Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus, an understudied hemiparasitic species, were obtained using different extraction techniques, namely, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC), soxhlet (SOX), infusion, and solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and water), and were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting properties. Additionally, untargeted profiling based on high-resolution mass spectrometry targeted different phytochemical classes, namely, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using methanol as the extraction solvent. Multivariate statistics following the untargeted profiling revealed that the extraction solvent had a hierarchically higher impact than the extraction method when considering the recovery of bioactive compounds. The methanolic extracts displayed the highest radical-scavenging antioxidant capacity, as provided by CUPRAC and FRAP assays. On the other hand, the water extracts (MAC and HAE) and the infusion extract showed the highest activity as metal chelators (25.66-27.51 mg EDTAE/g). Similarly, the water extract obtained by HAE and the infusion extract revealed the highest phosphomolybdenum activity (3.92 & PLUSMN; 0.14 and 3.71 & PLUSMN; 0.01 mmol TE/g, respectively). The different extracts also exhibited different enzyme inhibition potentials. For instance, HAE and MAC ethanolic extracts inhibited only alpha-amylase (0.69 & PLUSMN; 0.01 and 0.70 & PLUSMN; 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while all the other extracts showed a dual inhibition against both carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes tested (i.e., alpha-amylase: 0.07-0.69 mmol ACAE/g; alpha-glucosidase: 0.03-1.30 mmol ACAE/g). Nevertheless, the other extracts inhibited acetyl-, butyryl-cholinesterases, or both; MAC-water extract displayed no inhibition against the enzymes. Additionally, all the studied extracts were found to inhibit tyrosinase, ranging from 10.62 to 52.80 mg KAE/g. In general, the water extracts showed weaker inhibition towards the enzymes than the other extracts. This study demonstrated that R. angustifolius is an excellent source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors that could be further investigated and exploited for pharmaceutical purposes.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Qualitative Fingerprint Analysis and Multidirectional Assessment of Different Crude Extracts and Essential Oil from Wild Artemisia santonicum L.
    (MDPI, 2019-08-07) ŞENKARDEŞ, İSMAİL; Ferrante, Claudio; Zengin, Gokhan; Menghini, Luigi; Diuzheva, Alina; Jeko, Jozsef; Cziaky, Zoltan; Recinella, Lucia; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Leone, Sheila; Brunetti, Luigi; Lobine, Devina; Senkardes, Ismail; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Orlando, Giustino
    Artemisia species are used as folk medicines in several countries. This work was aimed to shed more light on the effect of methanol, water, ethyl acetate extracts, and essential oil (EO) of A. santonicum on selected enzymes (cholinesterase, tyrosinase alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase) as well of their antioxidant and pharmacological effects. The chemical profile of the essential oil was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while the extracts were chemically characterized by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Forty-nine constituents were identified and camphor (36.6%), 1,8-cineole (10.2%), alpha-thujone (10.1%), borneol (4.5%), and beta-thujone (3.6%) were the major components. Overall, 45, 74, and 67 components were identified from the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts, respectively. The EO and extracts showed significant antioxidant properties, in a cell-free model; particularly, methanol and water extracts revealed promising sources of antioxidant compounds. Additionally, we evaluated protective effects of EO and extracts in isolated rat colon tissue challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as an ex vivo model of colon inflammation, and human colon cancer HCT116 cell line. Particularly, we observed that, among all tested samples, A. santonicum ethyl acetate displayed the best pharmacological profile, being able to blunt LPS-induced levels of all tested biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including colon nitrites, lactate dehydrogenase, prostaglandin E-2, and serotonin. Additionally, this extract was also able to reduce HCT116 cell viability, thus suggesting potential antiproliferative effects against colon cancer cells. Based on our results, A. santonicum has great potential for developing novel functional agents including pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.