Person: SAYIN, CENK
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SAYIN
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CENK
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Publication Open Access Effects of supercharge pressure on combustion characteristics of a diesel rngine fueled with alcohol–diesel blends(2023-01-01) SAYIN, CENK; Vargün M., Özsezen A. N., Türkcan A., Sayın C., Kılıçaslan İ.© 2023, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.The recent increase in diesel prices is the most crucial factor that maintains alternative fuel research on the agenda in diesel engines. This study aims to analyze the combustion characteristics of ethanol–butanol–diesel triple-fuel mixtures and to investigate the effects of the boost pressure in a single-cylinder diesel engine. In the engine test, while the boost pressure at 1600 rpm was fixed at 240 mbar, the intake air pressure gauge was increased to 264, 228, and 312 mbar. As a result of the study, the most prolonged combustion duration in all test conditions was obtained using pure fossil diesel fuel. More than a 10% increase in ignition delay times has been calculated for blends. In addition, significant increases were observed in the heat release rate as the alcohol content in the blends increased. While considerable reductions in CH4, CO, and CO2 emissions were monitored by using the alcohol–diesel mixtures with the increased boost pressure, the stable formation in NOx emissions was not observed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in combustion noise with alcohol–diesel blends.Publication Open Access Selection of the Most Suitable Alternative Fuel Depending on the Fuel Characteristics and Price by the Hybrid MCDM Method(MDPI, 2018-05-15) SAYIN, CENK; Erdogan, Sinan; Sayin, CenkIn recent years, in order to increase the quality of life of people, energy usage has become very important. Researchers are constantly searching for new sources of energy due to increased energy demand. Engine tests are being conducted to investigate the feasibility of the new sources of energy such as alternative fuels. In the engine tests, engine performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions are evaluated by obtaining the results. The effect of newly developed fuels on engine lifetime, safe transport and storage are also examined for fuel availability. In addition, the potential and the price of fuels are important in terms of sustainability. In these studies, laboratory environments are needed for experimental setups. It is difficult to determine the availability of the most suitable alternative fuel since numerous results are obtained in the engine tests and studies. This integrated model provides a great advantage in terms of time and cost. The physical and chemical properties of the fuel affect experimental results such as engine performance, combustion, and exhaust emission. The suggested model can be making the most efficient and eco-friendly fuel choice without the need for experimental studies by using physical and chemical properties of the fuel. It also can offer the best fuel for cost, safety and maintenance processes. In this study, animal fat biodiesel derived from waste animal fats and vegetable oil biodiesel produced from aspir-canola oils were investigated. Biodiesel fuels are mixed with diesel at 5%, 20%, and 50%, and nine different fuels prepared with three pure fuels, and six different fuel blends are compared. Before using these fuels in an experimental study, estimates are made about which fuels may be more advantageous in terms of many criteria. In the process, nine varied fuel specifications are taken as references such as calorific value, cetane number, oxygen content rate, fuel price, flash point, viscosity, lubricity, iodine number and water content. The criteria weights are determined with SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) from multi-criteria decision-making models, and MULTIMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) is ranked according to fuels' characteristics from the best to the worst. While theoretically, the best fuel is ultimately VOB20, VOB50 and AFB20 were selected as the second fuel and the third fuel.Publication Open Access Determination of Fuel Type for Optimal Performance and Emission in a CI Engine Used Biodiesel and its Blends via Multi-Criteria Decision Making(2019-10-01) SAYIN, CENK; SİNAN ERDOĞAN;MUSTAFA KEMAL BALKİ;CENK SAYINIn this study, fuel type which provides optimum performance and emission in compression ignition (CI)engine used alternative fuel was determined by COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) in multicriteriadecision making (MCDM), and it was ranked from good to bad. Furthermore, the engineperformance and emission consequences obtained from the use of fuels are discussed. In the experiments,pure biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel/diesel blend fuels at a ratio of 5, 20 and 50% by volume were used asan alternative fuel. The performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine have been obtainedin the tests performed at 7.2 kW power output and 1500 rpm of the constant engine speed. According toexperimental results, with the uptrend of the biodiesel ratio in the blended fuel, it has been observed thatwhile the specific fuel consumption (SFC) is enhanced to diesel, the thermal efficiency (η) is partiallyreduced. At the same time, the emissions of the nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) hydrocarbon(HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased while the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission enhanced. Accordingto the COPRAS method, the ranking of fuels from best to worst was calculated as B5>B20>B50>B0>B100.Publication Open Access Investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics in a diesel engine fueled with methanol/ethanol/nHeptane/diesel blends(2022-10-01) VARGÜN, MUSTAFA; SAYIN, CENK; YILMAZ, İLKER TURGUT; Vargün M., Yılmaz İ. T., Sayın C.One of the important reasons of exhaust emissions harmful to the environment and human health is the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines as energy resources. In this study, in order to research for cleaner fuel resources and to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, 20% methanol, ethanol and n-heptane fuels added by volume to fossil-based diesel fuel. The effects on engine performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics were investigated in a diesel engine with a 4-cylinder common rail injection system, at different engine loads (40 Nm and 80 Nm) and different engine speeds (1500 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1700 rpm and 1800 rpm). The maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) value was obtained as 43% with diesel-methanol (M20) mixed fuel at 1800 rpm at 80 Nm engine load. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values improved in all fuel types with the increase in engine load. In all test conditions, the highest maximum cylinder gas pressure (CPmax) value was obtained with M20 fuel as 114.3 bar, while the highest cumulative heat release (CHRmax) value was determined as 811.7 J with diesel-nheptane (H20) fuel. Compared to diesel fuel (D100), the use of alcohol-diesel fuel mixtures resulted in longer ignition delay (ID) and shortened combustion duration (CD). In general, a significant reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been observed with the use of blended fuels. As a result of the increase in engine the load, a decrease in HC emissions was observed for all test fuels. When compared to D100 fuel, oxygen (O-2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions were increased with the use of diesel-methanol (M20) and diesel-ethanol (E20) fuels, while O-2\ and NO emissions were decreased with the use of diesel-nheptane fuel. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Open Access Effects of ethyl proxitol (1-ethoxy-2-propanol) additive on combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends(2023-01-01) SAYIN, CENK; Beyaz M., Aydın S., Şener R., SAYIN C.The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) value of biodiesel fuel blends need to be improved because of it has been reported that utilizing high concentrations of biodiesel blends in cold climates can cause major issues. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to improve CFPP value of biodiesel blends using ethyl proxitol additive. It is also to examine combustion and emission of the blends behavior. Biodiesel blends were prepared as; 5% ethyl proxitol-10% biodiesel-85% ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) named as E5B10 and 5% ethyl proxitol-20% biodiesel-75% ULSD named as E5B20 fuel. These fuel blends were compared with ULSD fuel in a compression ignition engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rev/min and four different loads (idle, 1, 2, and 3 bar BMEP) of eddy current dynamometer. The addition of ethyl proxitol led to a decrease in in-cylinder pressure and temperature due to an about 1˚ later SOC and 2˚ earlier EOC compared to ULSD. The pressure rise rate was slightly higher compared to ULSD at both low and high loads, with a difference of about 1 bar per degree. As a result, these blends with improved CFPP value can be used in cold climates.Publication Open Access Experimental investigation of combustion and exhaust emission values in a diesel engine using ethanol-butan-2-ol-diesel fuel blends(2022-09-01) VARGÜN, MUSTAFA; SAYIN, CENK; Vargün M., Özsezen A. N., Hürpekli M., Sayın C.Ethanol and petroleum-based diesel fuel (PBDF) blends have been extensively tested on diesel engines as an alternative fuel without the use of any co-solvents. However, there is not enough information about the combustion noise and products of CO2, CH4 and NH3 that are sourced from 2-butanol used as co-solvent to prevent phase separation between ethanol and PBDF. The present study aims to investigate the effect of ethanol-butan-2-ol-diesel fuel blends on combustion phenomenon and CO2, CH4 and NH3 emission characteristics under different operating conditions of diesel engine. In this study, homogeneity of ethanol and PBDF fuel mixture was achieved by using butan-2-ol (2-butanol). First, engine tests were conducted with the base calibration strategy of injection timing. Later, the tests were conducted by advancing and retarding injection timing to observe the effects of the injection timing on the combustion and emission at different engine speeds. The test results showed an increase in combustion noise with the use of alcohol-PBDF blends. In the tests, the maximum combustion noise was monitored as 92.7 dB with the use of E10B2 at the engine speed of 1400 rpm. It was observed that the use of alcohol-PBDF fuels was much more effective in reducing NH3 and CO emissions according to the change in fuel injection timing. In the tests, 50% or more reduction in CO and NH3 emissions was observed with the use of alcohol-PBDF fuel blends. It was noted that engine speed was more effective than both alcohol-PBDF blends and injection timing on the formation of CO2 emissions. It was observed that delaying the fuel injection time is more effective on NOx emissions than the use of ethanol-PBDF mixture. Moreover, it was observed that increasing ethanol ratio in fuel blend led to increase in in-cylinder gas pressure due to longer ignition delay that enables more time to fuel and air to mixture. The longest ignition delay was calculated as 9.2 degrees CA in use of E15B3 fuel at 1400 rpm.Publication Open Access Effects of a CRDI engine running on biodiesel, n-Octanol and nanoparticle blended nanofuel on performance, emissions and combustion(2023-01-01) SAYIN, CENK; Demirtaş G., Balki M. K., SAYIN C.In order to popularize the use of pure biodiesel (B100) in diesel engines, its fuel properties should be improved. For this purpose, biodiesel fuel properties are enhanced by n-octanol and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. The effects of these fuels on performance, combustion and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine were experimentally investigated. n-Octanol is added to biodiesel at a rate of 5%, and it is named B95O5. MWCNT is also added to B95O5 as 100 ppm, and the test fuel is specified as B95O5100MWCNT. The experiments are carried out with a CRDI diesel engine at four different loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. According to the results, all performance, emission and combustion parameters except BSFC are reduced compared to diesel (D100), with the use of B100, B95O5 and B95O5100MWCNT. With the addition of n-octanol to pure biodiesel, HC, CO2 and BTE increase on average by 9.10%, 2.12% and 1.62% for all loads, while NO, BSFC and engine power decrease by around 6.21%, 1.69% and 6.8%, respectively. In addition, with the addition of MWCNT to B95O5, HC, CO2, NO and BTE increased by 4.5%, 1.58%, 1.46% and 7.10% on average for all loads, respectively. Moreover, BSFC and engine power fell by around 6.27% and 2.04%, respectively. The addition of MWCNT has been found to improve overall performance and emissions, apart from the BSFC. In addition, it is observed that the maximum in-cylinder pressure and HRR improve with the use of n-octanol and MWCNT added fuel.Publication Open Access Determination of optimum parameters for esterification in high free fatty acid olive oil and ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2021-10-05) SAYIN, CENK; Soyler, Huseyin; Balki, Mustafa Kemal; Sayin, CenkIn this study, biodiesel was produced from high free fatty acid (FFA) oil obtained from waste olives, whose food quality deteriorated by falling from the tree to the ground. The FFA value of the oil obtained from waste olives was determined as 23% by titration method. In order to produce biodiesel with high conversion efficiency, esterification process was carried out to reach at least 1% FFA value in the first stage of the study. Acid esterification experiments were designed according to Taguchi's L-16 (4(2) 2(1)) orthogonal array. The amount of sulfuric acid catalyst, methanol ratio, and mixing speed were taken as the test variables for the esterification process. For the lowest FFA value, optimum test parameters were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. In the biodiesel production stage, ultrasound-assisted transesterification method was preferred in terms of high conversion efficiency and short reaction duration. According to the results, it was determined that the optimum reaction conditions in the esterification process were 25% by weight acid catalyst (according to the weight of the FFA in the oil), 22:1 methanol molar ratio in terms of fatty acids, and 400 rpm mixing speed. At these reaction conditions, the FFA of the oil was reduced from 23 to 0.608% in a single step. In the ultrasound-assisted process, Waste olive oil methyl ester (WOOME) conversion yield of 98.7% was achieved in a reaction time of 10 min. The fuel properties of WOOME (also called biodiesel) were determined to be within the EN 14214 standard. As a result, optimization was made to minimize the use of alcohol and catalyst in the acid esterification process. Also, time and energy savings were achieved in biodiesel production with ultrasound-assisted.