Person: SAYIN, CENK
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SAYIN
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CENK
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Publication Metadata only Exhaust Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of a Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine Fueled with Methanol-Diesel Fuel Blends at Different Injection Timings(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2008) SAYIN, CENK; Canakci, Mustafa; Sayin, Cenk; Gumus, MetinIn the recent years, environmental concerns and depletion in petroleum resources have forced researchers to concentrate on finding renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum fuels. Therefore, alcohols as renewable and alternative energy sources for the diesel engines gain importance. For this reason, in this study, the performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated under different injection timings when methanol-blended diesel fuel was used from 0 to 15%, with an increment of 5%. The tests were conducted at three different injection timings (15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees CA BTDC) by changing the thickness of advance shim. All tests were conducted at four different loads (5, 10, 15, and 20 Nm) at constant engine speed of 2200 rpm. The experimental test results showed that BSFC, BSEC, combustion efficiency, and NOx and CO2 emissions increased as BTE, rate of heat release, peak cylinder pressure, smoke number, and CO and UHC emissions decreased with an increasing amount of methanol in the fuel blend. In comparison to the values at the original injection timing (20 degrees CA BTDC), the values at the retarded injection timing (15 degrees CA BTDC) of peak cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, combustion efficiency, and NOx and CO2 emissions decreased, while smoke number and UHC and CO emissions increased at all test conditions. On the other hand, The advanced injection timing (25 degrees CA BTDC), smoke number, and UHC and CO emissions diminished and peak cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, combustion efficiency, and NOx and CO2 emissions increased at all test conditions. In terms of BSFC, BSEC, and BTE, retarded and advanced injection timings gave negative results in all fuel blends compared to original injection timing.Publication Metadata only Optimization of the operating parameters based on Taguchi method in an SI engine used pure gasoline, ethanol and methanol(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2016) SAYIN, CENK; Balki, Mustafa Kemal; Sayin, Cenk; Sarikaya, MuratIn this study, Taguchi's design of experiment method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied in order to find optimum operating parameters giving the best engine performance and exhaust emissions with a minimum number of the engine tests in a spark ignition (SI) engine fueled with pure gasoline, ethanol and methanol. For this purpose, the test engine was operated under different compression ratio (CR), engine speed and ignition timing (IT). In addition, the engine performance and regular brake specific exhaust emission values obtained from an optimized engine were compared to those of the baseline engine. According to result, the optimum CR and engine speed value are found to be 9.0 and 2400 rpm for all fuels. While the optimum IT is also 20 degrees crank angle (CA) for alcohol fuels, it is 26 degrees CA in gasoline. As a result of verification experiment, optimization made by reducing (to about 89%) test number with help of Taguchi was achieved within 95% confidence interval. On the other hand, the engine performance and regular brake specific exhaust emission results obtained from optimized engines generally have improved when compared to those of the baseline engine. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel-methanol blends(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009) SAYIN, CENK; Sayin, Cenk; Ilhan, Murat; Canakci, Mustafa; Gumus, MetinEnvironmental concerns and limited resource of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. For diesel engines, alcohols are receiving increasing attention because they are oxygenated and renewable fuels. Therefore, in this study, the effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investigated by using methanol-blended diesel fuel from 0% to 15% with an increment of 5%. The tests were conducted for three different injection timings (15 degrees, 20 degrees and 25 degrees CA BTDC) at four different engine loads (5 Nm, 10 Nm, 15 Nm, 20 Nm) at 2200 rpm. The experimental test results showed that Bsfc, NOx and CO2 emissions increased as BTE, smoke opacity, CO and UHC emissions decreased with increasing amount of methanol in the fuel mixture. When compared the results to those of original injection timing, NOx and CO2 emissions decreased, smoke opacity, UHC and CO emissions increased for the retarded injection timing (15 CA BTDC). On the other hand, with the advanced injection timing (25 degrees CA BTDC), decreasing smoke opacity, UHC and CO emissions diminished, and NOx and CO2 emissions boosted at all test conditions. In terms of Bsfc and BTE, retarded and advanced injection timings gave negative results for all fuel blends in all engine loads. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Energy and exergy analyses of a gasoline engine(WILEY, 2007) SAYIN, CENK; Sayin, C.; Hosoz, M.; Canakci, M.; Kilicaslan, I.This study presents comparative energy and exergy analyses of a four-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine using gasoline fuels of three different research octane numbers (RONs), namely 91, 93 and 95.3. Each fuel test was performed by varying the engine speed between 1200 and 2400 rpm while keeping the engine torque at 20 and 40 Nm. Then, using the steady-state data along with energy and exergy rate balance equations, various performance parameters of the engine were evaluated for each fuel case. It was found that the gasoline of 91-RON, the design octane rating of the test engine, yielded better energetic and exergetic performance, while the exergetic performance parameters were slightly lower than the corresponding energetic ones. Furthermore, this study revealed that the combustion was the most important contributor to the system inefficiency, and almost all performance parameters increased with increasing engine speed. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.Publication Metadata only Effects of biodiesel from used frying palm oil on the exhaust emissions of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2008) SAYIN, CENK; Ozsezen, Ahmet Necati; Canakci, Mustafa; Sayin, CenkIn our previous paper, the influences of biodiesel and its blends on the performance, combustion, and injection characteristics of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine have been discussed. The results have indicated that, when the test engine was fueled with biodiesel and its blends, the maximum brake torque, brake thermal efficiency, and brake power dropped, while the brake-specific fuel consumption increased compared to the petroleum-based diesel fuel (PBDF). The main differences in the combustion and injection characteristics of biodiesel and its blends are earlier premixed combustion, shorter ignition delay, higher cylinder gas pressure, and earlier start of injection in terms of the PBDF. This paper discusses the exhaust emission results obtained in the same study. The emission results showed that carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and smoke opacity decreased with the increase of biodiesel percentage in the fuel blend for all engine speeds under the full-load condition. However, NOx and CO2 emissions showed different behaviors in terms of the engine speed.Publication Metadata only The determination of the best operating parameters for a small SI engine fueled with methanol gasoline blends(ELSEVIER, 2021) SAYIN, CENK; Balki, Mustafa Kemal; Temur, Mustafa; Erdogan, Sinan; Sarikaya, Murat; Sayin, CenkIt is extremely important to ensure a clean and sustainable energy supply due to the decreasing fossil energy resources, their increasing costs and irreversible damages on the ecological balance. Considering this situation, this study focuses on the determination of the best operating parameters for a small spark ignition (SI) engine fueled with methanol/gasoline blend (M5, M10, M15 and M20). Moreover, operating conditions are optimized according to different weights between performance and emission. In the first stage of the study, engine tests were carried out at different loads (10 and 20 Nm) and compression ratios (CR) (7:1, 8:1 and 9:1) and the changes in engine performance and exhaust emissions were presented. In addition, these experimental results were used in optimization. According to the engine test results, performance and emissions of small SI engine were generally improved with increasing the methanol ratio in the blend fuels under all experimental conditions. When exhaust emissions were evaluated, it was observed that M20 was more favorable than gasoline if it was used in CR of 9:1 in a small SI engine. In the second stage of the study, the effect of experimental variables on the experimental results was statistically investigated with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of ANOVA analysis showed that all experimental variables were statistically significant for both engine performance and exhaust emissions. In the last stage of the study, the operating conditions of the engine were optimized according to eleven different weight ratios between performance and emissions, with a multi-criteria decision-making method based on grey relational analysis (GRA). According to the optimization results, the most suitable operating parameters were presented to the readers with regard to the desired weight ratio in engine performance and exhaust emission. The presented optimization model can be used for the design of electronic fuel systems for alternative fuel engines. Moreover, suitable engine parameters determined according to the selected weight ratio can also be adjusted structurally in the engine.Publication Metadata only The impact of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-diesel fuel blends(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2012) SAYIN, CENK; Gumus, Metin; Sayin, Cenk; Canakci, MustafaIn this study, the effects of fuel injection pressure on the exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine have been discussed. The engine was fueled with biodiesel-diesel blends when running the engine at four different fuel injection pressures (18, 20, 22, and 24 MPa) and four different engine loads in terms of mean effective pressure (12.5, 25, 37.5, and 50 kPa). The results confirmed that the BSFC, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen (O-2) emission increased, smoke opacity, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased due to the fuel properties and combustion characteristics of biodiesel. On the other hand, the increased injection pressure caused to decrease in BSFC of high percentage biodiesel-diesel blends (such as B20, B50, and B100), smoke opacity, the emissions of CO, UHC and increased the emissions of CO2, O-2 and NOx. The increased or decreased injection pressure caused to increase in BSFC values compared to original (ORG) injection pressure for diesel fuel and low percentage biodiesel-diesel blends (B5). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only Influence of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a dual-fuel CI engine(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) SAYIN, CENK; Sayin, Cenk; Uslu, Kadir; Canakci, MustafaEnvironmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. As an alternative, biodegradable, and renewable fuel, ethanol is receiving increasing attention. Therefore, in this study, influence of injection timing on the exhaust emission of a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, naturally aspirated diesel engine has been experimentally investigated using ethanol blended diesel fuel from 0% to 15% with an increment of 5%. The engine has an original injection timing 27 degrees CA BTDC. The tests were performed at five different injection timings (21 degrees, 24 degrees, 27 degrees, 30 degrees, and 33 degrees CA BTDC) by changing the thickness of advance shim. The experimental test results showed that NOx and CO2 emissions increased as CO and HC emissions decreased with increasing amount of ethanol in the fuel mixture. When compared to the results of original injection timing, at the retarded injection timings (21 degrees and 24 degrees CA BTDC), NOx and CO2 emissions increased, and unburned HC and CO emissions decreased for all test conditions. On the other hand, with the advanced injection timings (30 degrees and 33 degrees CA BTDC), HC and CO emissions diminished, and NOx and CO2 emissions boosted for all test conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only The best fuel selection with hybrid multiple-criteria decision making approaches in a CI engine fueled with their blends and pure biodiesels produced from different sources(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) SAYIN, CENK; Erdogan, Sinan; Balki, Mustafa Kemal; Aydin, Selman; Sayin, CenkIn engine tests where the feasibility of alternative fuels is being investigated, the results of the engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emissions should be considered as a whole. It is difficult to determine the optimal parameters due to a large number of results obtained in multi-variable experiments. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are preferred in solving such problems to energy management and energy efficiency. This paper deals with an application of a novel hybrid MCDM technique is suggested to select the optimum fuel for the compression ignition (CI). Five academicians who are an expert in the field of CI engines are selected to set criteria in the MCDM. Engine tests carried out at the constant engine speed and the resistive load of 10.8 kW in the generator-engine set. The results were used in the MCDM process. In this study, the hybrid models which are SWARA-MOORA, and ANP-MOORA has been preferred as the MCDM methods. The best fuel choice was made from fuels such as animal fat biodiesel (AFB), vegetable oil biodiesel (VOB), diesel fuel and the blend fuels. According to results, it was determined that the best fuel is VOB20 in both hybrid methods according to the determined criteria. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Publication Metadata only The optimization of engine operating parameters via SWARA and ARAS hybrid method in a small SI engine using alternative fuels(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2020) SAYIN, CENK; Balki, Mustafa Kemal; Erdogan, Sinan; Aydin, Selman; Sayin, CenkIn most countries, mandatory emission norms have been established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the production and use of diesel engines with high emissions have been prohibited in some countries. For this reason, spark ignition (SI) engines have become important. Research on the use of renewable energy sources and the development of energy-efficient engines is increasing in terms of sustainability. It is known that alcohol fuels with high knock resistance than gasoline generate higher engine efficiency under different engine operating conditions. In this study, it is determined that the optimum operating parameters of an SI engine fueled with pure ethanol and methanol as an alternative fuel in terms of performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The engine tests were used an air-cooled and single-cylinder small SI engine. The engine has been set to three different ignition timing/advance (IT), compression ratio (CR) and air excess coefficient (AEC), and tested in varied combinations. In a total of eighty-one different test conditions, the engine was operated at the full-throttle opening and at engine speed at 2400 rpm with test fuels, and then performance emission and combustion data were obtained. The optimal operating parameters are determined with a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) using a total of seven hundred twenty-nine experimental data. For this purpose, SWARA-ARAS (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis-Additive Ratio Assessment) hybrid method is preferred. According to the results, the optimum working parameters were found to be 9.0:1 of CR, 1.1 of AEC, and 20 degrees crankshaft angle (CA) of IT in the use of pure methanol fuel. In addition, the top ten rankings entering the operating parameters are presented in the article. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.