Person: RAYAMAN, PERVİN
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RAYAMAN
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PERVİN
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Publication Open Access Antibiotic resistance(2023-01-01) RAYAMAN, PERVİN; RAYAMAN P.Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when the response of bacteria to medicines. Unfortunately nowadays the emergence of resistance among bacterial pathogens is a major public worldwide health problem. Antibiotic resistance is a vital problem since it concerns human, animals, plants and environmental factors. Additionally, multidrug-resistant organisms have emerged not only in the hospital but also in the community. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria reservoirs outside the hospital is a worlwide issue which concerns many scientist. Moreover, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) antibiotic resistance is one of the 3 most important public health threats of the 21st century. Furthermore, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) antibiotic resistance is estimated to cause around 300 million premature deaths by 2050, with a loss of up to $100 trillion (£64 trillion) to the global economy. As it is known the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are modifications of the antimicrobial target, Enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics, changes in important metabolic pathways, activation of efflux mechanism. During the modifications of the antimicrobial target in order to avoid the action of the antibiotic bacteria have evolved different tactics one of which is target protection (avoiding the antibiotic to reach its binding site) and the other one is modifications of the target site which results in decreased affinity for the antibiotic molecule. For example drugs affected by this mechanism include tetracycline (Tet[M] and Tet[O]), fluoroquinolones (Qnr) and fusidic acid (FusB and FusC) during target protections. The methicillin resistance seen in Staphylococcus aureus due to replacement of an exogenous PBP (PBP2a) and vancomycin resistance in enterococci is an example of replacement or bypass of the original target. The β-Lactamases, macrolide esterases and aminoglycoside acetyltransferases are take place in enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs. Many of the antibiotics used in clinical practice have intracellular bacterial targets. Therefore, the compound must penetrate the outer and/or cytoplasmic membrane in order to exert its antimicrobial effect. β-lactams, tetracyclines and some fluoroquinolones are particularly affected by changes in permeability of the outer membrane. Also one of the most important mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is the activation of efflux mechanisms. Many classes of efflux pumps have been characterized in both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. It is known that more than 20 different tet genes cause tetracycline resistance. Additionally, MDR efflux pumps like AcrAB-TolC in Enterobacteriaceae and MexAB-OprM in P. aeruginosa are able to extrude tetracyclines (including tigecycline) as part of their contribution to multidrug resistance. In order to combat with antibiotic resistance one should protect him or herself and also his or her family. As it is known infections caused by multi-drug antibiotic-resistant germs are quiet difficult, and sometimes impossible to treat. However we can help stop the spread of these microorganisms. Normally, antibiotic resistance happens when microorganisms like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. People can not completely avoid getting an infection, but there are few precautions that you can take in order to reduce infection risk. These are, washing hands, getting vaccinated, using antibiotics appropriately, preparing food safely, being vigilant when traveling abroad and preventing sexually transmitted diseases.Consequently, antibiotic resistance is a worlwide problem which concerns many scientist since combating with it getting hard day by day. Merely, if the neccessary precaution metioned about are taken, antibiotic resistance could be minimalized.Publication Open Access Effect of antibiotics on polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions and myeloperoxidase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in allergic asthma(2015-03-31) RAYAMAN, ERKAN; Rayaman, Pervi̇N; Rayaman, Erkan; Çevi̇Kbaş, Adi̇Le; Demi̇Rtunç, Refi̇K; Özer Şehi̇Rli̇, Ahmet; Alagöz, Şeyda Gül; Gürer, Ümran SoyoğulWe investigated the effect of ciprofloxacin, rifampicine and doxycycline on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in allergic asthma patients and healthy volunteers. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated with ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation method. MPO activity was assayed with modified o-dianisidine, GSH by Ellman's and MDA levels by Beuge's method. PMN functions and MDA levels of patients significantly decreased when compared with healthy volunteers. Ciprofloxacin significantly increased PMN functions, MPO activity and MDA levels of both groups. We have demonstrated that ciprofloxacin has beneficial effects on MPO activity and PMN functions in allergic asthma patients and healthy volunteers.Publication Open Access Potential Adjuvant Effects of Nigella sativa Seeds to Improve Specific Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Patients(KARGER, 2010) GÜRBÜZ, BURÇAK; Isik, Huelya; Cevikbas, Adile; Gurer, Umran Soyogul; Kiran, Bayram; Uresin, Yagiz; Rayaman, Pervin; Rayaman, Erkan; Gurbuz, Burcak; Buyukozturk, SunaObjective: To investigate the effects of Nigella sativa seed supplementation on symptom levels, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions, lymphocyte subsets and hematological parameters of allergic rhinitis. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-four patients randomly selected from an experimental group of 31 (mean age 34 years) sensitive to house dust mites with allergic rhinitis and a control group of 8 healthy volunteers (mean age 23 years) were treated with allergen-specific immunotherapy in conventional doses for 30 days. After a month of immunotherapy, 12 of the 24 patients and the 8 healthy volunteers were given N. sativa seed supplementation (2 g/day orally) for 30 days. The remaining 12 patients continued only on immunotherapy during the same period. The other 7 patients were given 0.1 ml saline solution subcutaneously once a week as a placebo. The symptom scores, PMN functions, lymphocyte subsets and other hematological parameters were evaluated before and after all treatment periods. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the phagocytic and intracellular killing tivities of PMNs of patients receiving specific immunotherapy, especially after the addition of N. sativa seed. The CD8 counts of patients receiving specific immunotherapy plus N. sativa seed supplementation significantly increased compared to patients receiving only specific immunotherapy. PMN functions of healthy volunteers significantly increased after N. sativa seed supplementation compared to baseline. Conclusion: N. sativa seed supplementation during specific immunotherapy of allergic rhinitis may be considered a potential adjuvant therapy. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, BaselPublication Open Access Antimicrobial effect of probiotic microorganisms onclinical and standard Staphylococcus aureus isolates(2023-12-01) RAYAMAN, PERVİN; RAYAMAN, ERKAN; TETİK N., RAYAMAN P., RAYAMAN E., ADALETİ R.In this study we aimed to identify probiotic microorganisms in various pharmacy preparations, market and homemade probiotic products and investigate the antimicrobial effect of these microorganisms on clinical and standard Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The probiotic microorganisms were isolated from probiotic products mentioned above, then identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Ionization Mass Spectrophotometer (MALDI-TOF, Biomeriux) and also by conventional methods. The tolerance of these probiotic microorganisms to different salt, pH and temperature conditions was also detected. The antimicrobial activity of the specified probiotic microorganisms on S. aureus was designated by using spot on lawn and agar well diffusion methods. In our study among 16 probiotic products, 27 various probiotic microorganisms were specified by MALDI-TOF. Additionally, 15 of these probiotic microorganism species had an isolated reliability value above 90%. In our study 10 probiotic microorganism species, 7 of which were different from each other were found to maintain their viability in three various pH, salt and temperature conditions. These probiotic microorganisms were Lactobacillus rhamnosus (P.2 probiotic pharmaceutical product), Enterococcus gallinarum (homemade whey), Lactobacillus kefiri 1 (homemade kefir), Bacillus megaterium (homemade pickled juice), Lactobacillus kefiri 2 (homemade kefir), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (P.1 company preparation) Lactobacillus plantarum (P.3 company preparation), Bifidobacterium spp (M.4 company pure kefir), Enterococcus faecium (P.3 company preparation). We determined that Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from homemade whey had the highest antimicrobial activity on clinical MRSA 3 (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) strain (inhibition zone =45.62 mm ± 0.84. Also, we have found that, probiotic microorganisms isolated from pharmacy preparations, market and homemade probiotic products showed antibacterial effect on clinical and standard Staphylococcus aureus by spot on lawn method. We designated that besides probiotic microorganisms isolated from various pharmacy preparations, probiotic microorganisms isolated from market and homemade products were efficient against clinical and standard S. aureus isolates