Person: ULAĞ, SONGÜL
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Publication Metadata only Antibiotic-loaded polylactic acid fibers for the treatment of skin infections(2023-07-15) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Skin infections are medical conditions caused by parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi when these microorganisms enters skin by having damaged skin or simply with insect bite, mostly skin infections can be recognized with edema, erythema, lesions and other inflammation signs [1] Globally according to systemic study covered skin diseases analysis between 1990 and 2019 the number of bacterial skin diseases patients is increasing with rate of change of age standarized (7.38%) [2], this study raised the awarness about finding ways to prevent the formulation of skin infections and treating it in effective way. Traditional methods in treating skin infections includes the herbal treatments that were used form ancient centuries (e.g. Achyranthes aspera , Aloe vera,...), these herbs have proved its effectivness with more than 80% cured people in India which depends on traditional treatments for skin diseases [3]. Conventional treatment of skin infections includes the usage of antibiotics in its different forms, and different mechanism of action according to the cause of the infection (gram positive or gram negative bacteria). On the other hand, the dosage differ according to the form of antibiotics, and the antibiotic type[4] Modern medicine of treating skin infections includes the usage of new drug delivery systems which applies the usage of biomaterials (polymers, ceramics, metals, composites) at different size scales (macro, micro, nano) that help in reducing the side effects of drugs, extend the half-life, and having optimal pharmacokinetics processes for the targeted drug [5]. In the last two decades, the interset in developing new methods to deliver drugs has become more and more; espically the deliver of antibiotics because of the increase in resistance on global scales. These methods includes using different techniques such as electrospinning technique which produces fibers mainly composed of polymers loaded with drugs, this technique is classified as promising method for personlized medicine and the improvement of drug release profiles. [6] In this work, we tried to focus on taking advantages of electrospinning technique to deliver minimum amount of antibiotics (Gentamicin, Caffeic Acid) to skin for the treatment of skin infections away from antibiotic resistance. Fibers were fabricated by loading antibiotics with Poly Lactic Acid polymeric solution and produce fibers that can be used directly on skin with lower side effects and lower dosage when compared to conventional methods of delivering drugs. Morphological, mechanical, thermal, chemical analysis were ivestigated for the fabricated fibers; in addition to swelling antimicrobial, drug release profiles.Publication Metadata only Fabrication of electrospun polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate/silk fibroin nanofibers to obtain retinal nerve fiber layer(2023-01-17) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Retinal tissue consists of neural networks in the inner layer of the eye and is the region where the optic nerves connect to the brain. It affects directly visual ability. There are nerve fibers that caring blood tissues in their structure and support vision. These structures may be damaged by external factors or genetic reasons. The properly supported and repaired structures can be obtained by tissue engineering methods. In this study, polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate/silk fibroin nanofibers were fabricated with the electrospinning method. PHB and Silk Fibroin were used to provide biocompatibility to the fiber structure. SEM was used for observing the morphological properties of the nanofibers. The biocompatibility properties of the Polylactic acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate/Silk Fibroin nanofibers were tested with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Additionally, the mechanical properties of the fibers also were analyzed to determine the mechanical strength of the fibers. The degradation and swelling behaviors of the scaffolds were also examined in vitro conditions.Publication Metadata only Fucoidan-loaded electrospun Polyvinyl-alcohol/Chitosan nanofibers with enhanced antibacterial activity for skin tissue engineering(2023-10-07) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Puigmal A. C., Ayran M., Ulag S., Altan E., Guncu M. M., Aksu B., Durukan B. K., Sasmazel H. T., Perez R. A., Koc E., et al.The polymeric nanofiber may interact and control certain regeneration processes at the molecular level to repair damaged tissues. This research focuses on the development of characterization and antibacterial capabilities of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) nanofibres containing fucoidan (FUC) for tissue engineering as a skin tissue substitute. A control group consisting of 13% PVA/(0.1)% CS nanofiber was prepared. To confer antibacterial properties to the nanofiber, 10, 20, and 30 mg of FUC were incorporated into this control group. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved the homogeneous and beadless structures of the nanofibers. The antibacterial activity of the 13% PVA/(0.1)% CS/(10, 20, 30) FUC was tested against the S.aureus and E.coli and the results showed that with FUC addition, the antibacterial activities of the nanofibers increased. The biocompatibility test was performed with a fibroblast cell line for 1, 3, and 7 days of incubation and the results demonstrated that FUC addition enhanced the bioactivity of the 13% PVA/(0.1)% CS nanofibers. In addition, the biocompatibility results showed that 13% PVA/(0.1)% CS/10 FUC had the highest viability value for all incubation periods compared to the others. In addition, the tensile test results showed that; the maximum tensile strength value was observed for 13% PVA/(0.1)% CS/10 FUC nanofibers.Publication Metadata only Development and characterization of 3d-printed bioactive glass-doped scaffolds(2023-07-15) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Bone tissue is a complex type of tissue containing various microstructures with high regenerative properties. Depending on the extent of damage to the bone tissue damaged by various diseases and traumas, it may not be possible to completely heal on its own. In such cases, synthetic or natural materials called bone grafts are used instead of the damaged bone tissue, which will provide structural support to the surrounding tissues and provide a suitable environment for cells to attach and multiply. The contribution of bone graft to the treatment process depends on the success of the graft material, micro and macro structure, chemical structure and interaction with the tissues. Materials that are used in bone tissue engineering and have the ability to bond with the natural bone structure are called bioactive materials. Among bioactive materials, bioglasses have a very important place. Bioactive glass material and bone tissue with the right composition can support the tissue during regeneration by forming very strong bonds and can play an active role in the treatment of the tissue by providing the ions needed by the bone cells with the ions such as calcium and silicon in its content. In addition to the material used in bone tissue scaffolds for the growth and proliferation of bone cells, these materials must have the correct morphological properties (eg, surface structure, macro and micro porosity, graft shape size and physical strength). Although bioactive glass materials meet these criteria as a material, they can generally be used as powder additives in bone tissue scaffolds due to their low machinability, fragility, and synthesis methods. In this study, Sol-Gel is used to produce bone tissue scaffolds in the desired shape, size, porosity and morphology by shaping the bioactive glass material synthesized by Sol-Gel method using a 3-dimensional printer during the synthesis process and stabilizing it with additional processes such as curing and sintering. Synthesis parameters and 3- dimensional printing method were optimized to allow sol-gel material to be printed. A new production method was developed in the field of bone tissue engineering with the production of glass material by performing Sol-Gel bioactive glass synthesis and 3D printing together. In the study taken as an example by Valanezhad et al., 2021, bioglass, which was synthesized by the sol-gel method, was produced in gel form and impregnated on a polyurethane sponge, and a scaffold with low mechanical strength was produced. With this study, we aimed to produce scaffolds with high strength, whose morphological properties can be precisely controlled, thanks to the 3-dimensional biowriting technique. Characterisation tests such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and Cell Culture tests were studied on the produced tissue scaffolds. Using the combination ofSol-Gel method and 3D printing technique is a novel method that allows to form bioglass material with specific geometry for optimum material performance in specific applications.Publication Metadata only Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid/hyaluronic acid/collagen nanofibers for tendon tissue engineering(2023-07-15) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Tendon tissue engineering aims to integrate engineered, functional replacements with their native counterparts in order to repair tendon injuries. Responsible for body movement and stabilization of the joint structure, tendons stand out with their superior biomechanical properties. Collagen 1 (COL) is the main component that contributes these properties to the tendon structure organized in hierarchical bundles. Hyaluronic acid (HA) participates in the formation of the tendon extracellular matrix and enhances the viscoelasticity of the structure. Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in tendon tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties. Therefore, a novel PLA/HA/COL hybrid scaffold was designed and fabricated by electrospinning for the repair of tendon defects. While 10% PLA is used as the control group, 4 scaffolds containing 1% HA and/or 1% COL were fabricated. One of the scaffolds was produced by coaxial electrospinning: the inner layer consists of 10% PLA and 1% COL, while the composition of the outer layer is 10% PLA and 1% COL. The morphological, thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties of the tendon scaffolds were evaluated using SEM, DSC, FT-IR, swellingdegradation test, and tensile testing test, respectively. In vitro cell culture experiments were performed on mesenchymal stem cells using MTT method. It is anticipated to confirm that PLA/HA/COL scaffolds promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and regeneration by characterisation and in vitro cell culture results.Publication Open Access Salicylic acid-loaded gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) microneedles as a potential drug delivery system in plant diseases(2024-01-01) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.In this research, gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) was used as a matrix material to obtain microneedles (MNs), and salicylic acid (SA) was added to this solution to investigate the release behavior of the SA from the needles. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the uniform conical shape of MN structures was observed. According to the compression test results, MNs could penetrate deeply into plant tissue without breaking due to their practical toughness. The release behavior of the SA was carried out in vitro conditions and completed in 24 h.Publication Open Access 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA)/polymethyl silsesquioxane (PMSQ)-based scaffolds coated with vitamin E microparticles for the application of wound healing(2024-05-01) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; GÜNDÜZ, OĞUZHAN; Anjrini N., Karabulut H., Ulağ S., Ege H., Noberi C., Dogan E., Sahin A., Gündüz O.Skin is part of the integumentary and excretory system, which helps protect the body against infections. The skin should be properly treated when it gets injured, which requires a long healing process. In this study, 15% (w/v) polylactic acid (PLA) and 1 and 2% (w/v) polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) scafolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology, and the surfaces of each scafold were coated with 5% ethylcellulose (EC)/vitamin E microparticles using the electrospray method. The morphologies of the scafolds were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and results showed that the pore sizes of the scafolds ranged from 136 to 265μm. The vitamin E was completely released from the scafolds within 5h. MTT test was performed with fbroblast cells and results proved the biocompatibility of the scafolds. These fndings showed that the scafolds may have good potential as a wound dressing material. The biodegradation test was performed in invitro conditions and results showed that the surface coating with 5% EC/vitamin E microparticles on the 15% PLA/2% PMSQ scafolds increased the degradation rate of the scafolds.Publication Open Access Fabrication of ethosuximide loaded alginate/polyethylene oxide scaffolds for epilepsy research using 3D-printing method(2023-01-01) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; GÜLHAN, REZZAN; US, ZEYNEP; GÜNDÜZ, OĞUZHAN; Karabulut H., Dutta A., Moukbil Y., Cisen Akyol A., ULAĞ S., Aydin B., GÜLHAN R., US Z., Kalaskar D. M., GÜNDÜZ O.Epilepsy is a medical condition that causes seizures and impairs the mental and physical activities of patients. Unfortunately, over one-third of patients do not receive adequate relief from oral Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) and continue to experience seizures. In addition to that, long term usage of Antiepileptic Drugs can cause a range of side effects. To overcome this problem, the precision of 3D printing technology is combined with the controlled release capabilities of biodegradable polymers, allowing for tailored and localized AED delivery to specific seizure sites. As a result of this novel technique, therapeutic outcomes can be enhanced, side effects of AEDs are minimized, and patient-specific dosage forms can be created. This study focused on the use of ethosuximide, an antiepileptic drug, at different concentrations (10, 13, and 15 mg) loaded into 3D-printed sodium alginate and polyethylene oxide scaffolds. The scaffolds contained varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% w/v) and had varying pores created by 3D patterning sizes from 159.86 ± 19.9 µm to 240.29 ± 10.7 µm to optimize the releasing system for an intracranial administration. The addition of PEO changed the Tg and Tm temperatures from 65°C to 69°C and from 262°C to 267°C, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays using the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) showed that cell metabolic activity reached 130% after 168 h, allowing the cells to develop into mature neural cells. In vitro testing demonstrated sustained ethosuximide release lasting 2 hours despite crosslinking with 3% CaCl2. The workpaves the way for the use of ethosuximide -loaded scaffolds for treating epilepsy.Publication Metadata only Bioprinting(Springer Nature, 2023-08-01) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Publication Metadata only Characterizations of ethosuximide-loaded bismuth ferrite nanoparticles for the potential treatment of epilepsy(2023-07-15) ULAĞ, SONGÜL; Ulağ S.Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease that affected people of all ages, races, social classes, and geographical locations. According to the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) data, about 0.7 % of the population is struggling with epilepsy. In addition, nearly 5 million people are diagnosed every year. The basic characteristic of epilepsy is aberrant electrical activity in several brain regions. About %70 patients with epilepsy can be treated successfully with antiepileptic drugs to control the patient\"s seizures. 20–30% of patients exhibit pharmacoresistance, and only a small portion of these patients will benefit from surgical intervention. Therefore, developing a successful treatment for the disease is still quite difficult. To accomplish this objective, antiepileptic drug-loaded carrier nanoparticles can be an alternative treatment for epilepsy.Recent developments to improve the release of drugs from smart materials include Near Infrared Light (NIR) radiation (NIR), ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelength light, magnetic fields, ultrasound, and electrical stimulation. Compared to drug delivery systems based on stable passive delivery, these strategies offer more effective control over the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticle drug carriers are being studied further for controlled drug delivery due to their benefits including good structure and tunable characteristics. Multiferroic materials due to their controllable possession, have drawn interest in recent years to develop new materials or structures. Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) is a single-phase multiferroic material with a polar R3c space group and rhombohedral distorted cell, has the ability to be both ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic.In this study, bare and drug loaded bismuth ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method. Bare and drug loaded nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ethosuximide is an FDA-approved, made available as an efficient and generally well-tolerated medication to treat absence seizures. It prevents clonic seizures generated on by bicuculline or pentylenetetrazole when administered subcutaneously. Also, biological test was done by using microglia cells.