Publication: Edebiyat Sosyolojisi ve Spor: JackLondon'ın\\"Bir Dilim Biftek\\" Başlıklı Öyküsünde Modern (Kapitalist) Sporun Eleştirisi
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Date
2021-01-01
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Abstract
İşçi sınıfı kökenli ve sosyalist edebiyatçı JackLondon, birçok eserinde olduğu gibi, spor temalı
eserlerinde de eleştirel bir yaklaşım benimsemiştir. Roman ve öykülerinde, yirminci yüzyıl başlarında
kurumsallaşmaya başlayan modern sporun rekabetçi yapısına ve kapitalist spor sistemine sosyalist bir
gözle bakar. Yaşlanan bir boksörün hayatından bir kesit sunan “Bir Dilim Biftek” başlıklı öyküsü, bu
eserlerinden birisidir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu öykü, edebiyat sosyolojisi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir.
JackLondon’ın bir boksörün yaşam mücadelesini konu aldığı bu edebi metin üzerinden işaret ettiği
toplumsal olgular, eşitsizlik ve sosyal çelişkilere dair sosyolojik temalar ortaya konulmuştur. Öykünün
ana vurgusundayaşlanmak; profesyonel birboksör için yoksulluk, açlık ve toplumsal sistemden
dışlanma anlamına gelmektedir. Eserde kapitalizm ve spor birlikteliği, rekabetçi piyasa değerleri,
toplumsal eşitsizlikler, ezilen sınıflar, yoksulluk ve yabancılaşma olgusu bir boksörün yaşam biçimi
üzerinden tasvir edilmiştir. Gösteri niteliğiyle öne çıkan modern sporun kapitalist mekanizmalara bağlı
bir sosyal gerçeklik olarak anlatımı, bir spor emekçisi özelinde sergilenir. Son tahlilde içinde bulunduğu
toplumun gerçeklerini, çelişkilerini ve ekonomik işleyiş mantığını yansıtan ve yeniden üreten bir sosyal
alan olarak spor, London’ın eleştirel yaklaşımını sergilediği bu edebi metinde yer bulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlılık, modern spor, edebiyat, kapitalizm, işçi sınıfı, yoksulluk
Like most of his works Jack London, a socialist working-class writer, adopts a critical approach in his sports-themed works. His novels and short stories concern the capitalist sports system and the competitive structure of modern sports, which began to be institutionalized in the early twentieth century, through a socialist point of view. His short story “A Piece of Steak”, which presents a section from the life of an aging boxer, is one of those works. In this study, the aforementioned short story has been analyzed through the sociology of literature. Social facts pointed out through the literary text about the life struggle of a boxer by Jack London and sociological themes related to inequalities and social conflicts have been put forward. Getting old, which means poverty, hunger, and exclusion from the social system for a professional boxer is the main theme of the story. The association of capitalism and sports, competitive market values, social inequalities, oppressed classes, poverty, and alienation are depicted through the lifestyle of a boxer in the work. The narration of modern sports, which stands out with its entertainment characteristics, as a social reality dependent on capitalist mechanisms is presented through a sports worker. In the final analysis, sports find a place as a social field that reflects and reproduces the social reality, conflicts, and the economic logic of its society in the literary text in which London displays his critical approach. Key Words: Old age, modern sports, literature, capitalism, working-class, poverty
Like most of his works Jack London, a socialist working-class writer, adopts a critical approach in his sports-themed works. His novels and short stories concern the capitalist sports system and the competitive structure of modern sports, which began to be institutionalized in the early twentieth century, through a socialist point of view. His short story “A Piece of Steak”, which presents a section from the life of an aging boxer, is one of those works. In this study, the aforementioned short story has been analyzed through the sociology of literature. Social facts pointed out through the literary text about the life struggle of a boxer by Jack London and sociological themes related to inequalities and social conflicts have been put forward. Getting old, which means poverty, hunger, and exclusion from the social system for a professional boxer is the main theme of the story. The association of capitalism and sports, competitive market values, social inequalities, oppressed classes, poverty, and alienation are depicted through the lifestyle of a boxer in the work. The narration of modern sports, which stands out with its entertainment characteristics, as a social reality dependent on capitalist mechanisms is presented through a sports worker. In the final analysis, sports find a place as a social field that reflects and reproduces the social reality, conflicts, and the economic logic of its society in the literary text in which London displays his critical approach. Key Words: Old age, modern sports, literature, capitalism, working-class, poverty
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Keywords
Yaşlılık, modern spor, edebiyat, kapitalizm, işçi sınıfı, yoksulluk, Old age, modern sports, literature, capitalism, working-class, poverty
Citation
ZELYURT M. K., "Edebiyat Sosyolojisi ve Spor: JackLondon'ın\"Bir Dilim Biftek\" Başlıklı Öyküsünde Modern (Kapitalist) Sporun Eleştirisi", SPORTIF BAKIŞ: SPOR VE EĞITIM BILIMLERI DERGISI, cilt.8, ss.453-465, 2021