Publication: PBXN-9 üretim prosesinin geliştirilmesi ve karakterizasyonu
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Bir enerjetik malzeme, önemli miktarda malzemenin ayrışmasını başlatacak yeterli bir uyarana maruz kalırsa patlayabilir; genel olarak bu uyaran ısıdır. Güvenli taşıma ve depolama yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, bir malzemenin ısıya maruz kaldığında nasıl değiştiğinin ayrıntılı olarak anlaşılmasını gerektirir. Bir patlayıcının hafif ısıtılması, boşlukların ve gözeneklerin oluşması nedeniyle mikro yapıyı değiştirebilecek ve malzeme yüzey alanını artırabilecek morfolojik ve/veya bileşimsel değişiklikler üretebilir.Duyarsız mühimmatlar, performans, hazırlık ve operasyonel gerekliliklerini güvenilir bir şekilde olmasını sağlayan, ancak planlanmamış tehlikeli uyaranlara verilen tepkinin kabul edilebilir bir sınırda olduğu mühimmatlardır. Patlayıcıların taşınması ve depolanmasında artan güvenlik talebi, duyarsız mühimmatların geliştirilmesini gerektirmiştir. Plastik Bağlı Patlayıcılar (PBX'ler), az miktarda bağlayıcı (genellikle ağırlıkça %5-15) ile büyük oranda yüksek enerji yoğunluklu bileşik (genellikle ağırlıkça %85-95) içeren kompozit malzemelerdir. Roket yakıtlarından, mühimmat ve patlatma ekipmanlarındaki ana patlayıcı maddeye kadar çok çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılırlar. PBX'ler yüksek güvenlik performansına ve yüksek mekanik özelliklere sahiptir. Patlayıcı miktarının fazla olmasından dolayı yüksek bir enerjiye ve polimerik malzemelerin iyi derecede plastikleşmesinden dolayı ise dayanıklılık ve kalıplama kolaylığı gibi önemli avantajlara sahiptir. Ayrıca, düşük mekaniksel hassasiyet, üretimi sırasında oluşabilecek şiddetli reaksiyonların az olması, boşluk ve çatlaklara neden olan sertleşme sorunları gibi önemli dezavantajları ortadan kaldıran bir patlayıcı türüdür. İlk PBX bileşimi, plastikleştirilmiş polistirene gömülü enerjetik bileşik olan RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) kristallerinden oluşmuş ve 1952'de geliştirilmiştir. O zamandan bu yana bir dizi PBX formülasyonu üzerine çalışılmıştır. Patlayıcı alanında yapılan birçok araştırma, daha iyi patlayıcı özelliği ve düşük mekaniksel hassasiyet elde etmek için yüksek etkiye sahip patlayıcılara ve enerjetik polimerik bağlayıcılara dayalı modern PBX formülasyonlarının hazırlanmasına, karakterizasyonuna ve uygulamalarına odaklanmıştır.Bu çalışmada; polimerik yapıdaki bağlayıcıların, ana patlayıcı malzemeyi (ikincil patlayıcı) kaplayıp, istenilen geometrik şekillerde preslenebilen patlayıcılar üretmesi olarak bilinen Slurry Proses yöntemi kullanılmıştır. PBXN-9 patlayıcısı üretimi ile ilgili bugüne kadar ülkemizde hiçbir faaliyet gösterilmemiştir. Bu tezin amacı Slurry Proses yöntemi kullanılarak PBXN-9 üretim prosesinin geliştirilmesi, pilot ölçekli üretim sisteminin kurulması, üretilen PBXN-9 patlayıcısının karakterize edilmesidir. Tez çalışması ile üretim prosesi geliştirilen PBXN-9 ile Ülkemiz Savunma Sanayii’ne yeni bir ürün kazandırılmış ve diğer tür PBX’lere alternatif olarak farklı uygulama alanlarında kullanılabilecek yeni nesil PBX üretilmiştir.
An energetic material may explode if exposed to a sufficient stimulus to initiate the decomposition of a significant amount of the material; In general, this stimulus is heat. A detailed understanding of how a material changes when exposed to heat is very important in developing safe transportation and storage methods. Morphological and/or compositional changes that can alter the microstructure and increase the material surface area can occur due to voids and pores that form when an explosive is slightly heated.Insensitive Munitions - IM are munitions that reliably meet performance, readiness and operational requirements, but which the response to unplanned hazardous stimuli is within an acceptable limit. The increasing demand for security in the transportation and storage of explosives has necessitated the development of Insensitive munitions.Plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) are composite materials containing a large proportion of high energy density compound (usually 85-95% by weight) with a small amount of binder (usually 5-15% by weight). They are used in a wide variety of applications, from propellants to the main explosive in munitions and blasting equipment. PBXs have high security performance and high mechanical properties. It has high energy due to the high amount of explosives and important advantages such as durability and ease of molding due to the good plasticization of polymeric materials. In addition, it is a type of explosive that eliminates important disadvantages such as low mechanical sensitivity, fewer violent reactions that may occur during production, and hardening problems that cause cavities and cracks. The first PBX composition consisted of crystals of the energetic compound RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) embedded in plasticized polystyrene and was developed in 1952. A number of PBX formulations have been studied since then. Much research in the field of explosives has focused on the preparation, characterization and applications of modern PBX formulations based on high-potency explosives and energetic polymeric binders to achieve better explosive properties and low mechanical sensitivity.In this study; The Slurry Process method was used that known as polymeric binders covering the main explosive material (secondary explosive) and can be pressed in the desired geometric shapes to produce explosives. Until today, no activity has been carried out in our country regarding the production of PBXN-9 explosive. The aim of this thesis is to develop the PBXN-9 production process using the PBXN-9 Slurry Process method, establish a pilot scale production system, and characterize the produced PBXN-9 explosive. With PBXN-9, the production process of which was developed with the thesis study, a new product was brought to the Defense Industry of our country and a new generation PBX that can be used in different application areas as an alternative to other types of PBXs was produced.
An energetic material may explode if exposed to a sufficient stimulus to initiate the decomposition of a significant amount of the material; In general, this stimulus is heat. A detailed understanding of how a material changes when exposed to heat is very important in developing safe transportation and storage methods. Morphological and/or compositional changes that can alter the microstructure and increase the material surface area can occur due to voids and pores that form when an explosive is slightly heated.Insensitive Munitions - IM are munitions that reliably meet performance, readiness and operational requirements, but which the response to unplanned hazardous stimuli is within an acceptable limit. The increasing demand for security in the transportation and storage of explosives has necessitated the development of Insensitive munitions.Plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) are composite materials containing a large proportion of high energy density compound (usually 85-95% by weight) with a small amount of binder (usually 5-15% by weight). They are used in a wide variety of applications, from propellants to the main explosive in munitions and blasting equipment. PBXs have high security performance and high mechanical properties. It has high energy due to the high amount of explosives and important advantages such as durability and ease of molding due to the good plasticization of polymeric materials. In addition, it is a type of explosive that eliminates important disadvantages such as low mechanical sensitivity, fewer violent reactions that may occur during production, and hardening problems that cause cavities and cracks. The first PBX composition consisted of crystals of the energetic compound RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) embedded in plasticized polystyrene and was developed in 1952. A number of PBX formulations have been studied since then. Much research in the field of explosives has focused on the preparation, characterization and applications of modern PBX formulations based on high-potency explosives and energetic polymeric binders to achieve better explosive properties and low mechanical sensitivity.In this study; The Slurry Process method was used that known as polymeric binders covering the main explosive material (secondary explosive) and can be pressed in the desired geometric shapes to produce explosives. Until today, no activity has been carried out in our country regarding the production of PBXN-9 explosive. The aim of this thesis is to develop the PBXN-9 production process using the PBXN-9 Slurry Process method, establish a pilot scale production system, and characterize the produced PBXN-9 explosive. With PBXN-9, the production process of which was developed with the thesis study, a new product was brought to the Defense Industry of our country and a new generation PBX that can be used in different application areas as an alternative to other types of PBXs was produced.
Description
Keywords
PBXN-9, HMX, PLASTİK BAĞLI PATLAYICILAR, DOA, HYTEMP, SLURRY PROSES, BULK DENSİTY, PBX, SOXHLET EKSTRAKSİYONU PBXN-9, HMX, PLASTIC BOUND EXPLOSIVES, DOA, HYTEMP, SLURRY PROCESS, BULK DENSITY, PBX, SOXHLET EXTRACTION, EXPLOSIVES