Publication: Covid-19 salgını dolayısıyla alınan tedbirlerin 65 yaş ve üzerindekilere etkileri
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2021-08-25
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Abstract
Ortaya çıktıktan sonra bütün dünyayı kısa sürede etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgınının
yayılma hızını ve etkilerini azaltmak amacıyla ülkemizde hükümet tarafından birçok önlem
alınmıştır. Hastalığın ülkemizde görülmeye başladığı ilk günlerden itibaren 65 yaş üzeri
vatandaşlara getirilen sokağa çıkma yasağı aylarca devam ettikten sonra zamanla gevşetilerek
belirli saatler arasında sokağa çıkmalarına izin verilmiştir ve hala bölgesel farklılıklar
gösteren birtakım sınırlamalar uygulanmaktadır. Sokaktan tecrit edilen yaşlı nüfusun
hayatlarındaki değişimin incelenmesi ve yaşadıkları sorunların tespit edilmesi elzemdir.
COVID-19 salgınının oluşturduğu ortam dolayısıyla itibarlarını yitiren yaşlıların hakları ve
konumları tartışılmalıdır. Modern politikalardan farklı olarak yaşlıların, beklentilerine uygun
çözümlerle hayatın içinde kalmaları sağlanmalıdır.
Çalışmanın evrenini Gaziantep ve Kilis’in şehir merkezinde ve köylerinde yaşayan yaşlılar
oluşturmaktadır. Anket çalışmasına Gaziantep ve Kilis şehir merkezinde ve bağlı köylerde
yaşayan 65 yaş üzeri 414 kişi katılmıştır. Gaziantep ve Kilis illerinde yaşayan 20 kişiyle
derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Şehirde yaşayan kadın ve erkekler, köyde yaşayan kadın
ve erkekler olmak üzere toplamda 4 odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Anket çalışmasında
katılımcıların demografik bilgileri ve COVID-19 salgınında alınan tedbirlerin etkileri kayıt
altına alınmıştır. Derinlemesine görüşmelerde ve odak grup görüşmelerinde demografik
bilgileri kayıt altına alınmış, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları ile COVID-19 salgını
dolayısıyla alınan tedbirlerin etkileri ve süreç içerisindeki tecrübeleri tespit edilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Katılımcıların %59.7’sinin sürekli ilaç kullanması gerektiği ve ilaç kullananların
%65.6’sının ilaçlara erişiminde salgın döneminde değişiklik olmadığı, %30.4’ünün ilaçlara
daha kolay eriştiği bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %17.9’unun tetkik, tedavi ve rehabilitasyon
için sürekli olarak sağlık kurumlarına gitmesi gerektiği ve bunların %41.9’unun salgın
döneminde sağlık hizmetine erişimlerinin olumsuz etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya
katılanların %77.5’inin kamu alanlarını kullanma sıklığında, %86.7’sinin aile fertleri,
komşular, akrabalar ve arkadaşlarla görüşme sıklığında azalma olduğu ve %53.4’ünün
kendilerini daha yalnız hissettikleri bulunmuştur.
Apartman dairesinde yaşayan katılımcıların evde kaldıkları dönemde hem fiziksel hem
zihinsel olarak olumsuz etkilendikleri, köyde ikamet eden, müstakil veya bahçeli evi olanların sokağa çıkma yasaklarından daha az etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Köyde yaşayan 65 yaş üzeri
fertler tarla veya bahçelerinde çalışabildikleri ve yakınlarıyla görüşebildikleri için şehirdekiler
kadar zorlanmadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. İmkanı olanlar salgının ve tedbirlerin etkilerinden
kaçınmak için mekan değiştirmişler, çocuklarının yanında yahut bahçeli evlerde yaşamaya
başlamışlardır. Kronik hastalığı bulunan, tetkik, tedavi veya rehabilitasyon hizmetine ihtiyaç
duyan katılımcıların COVID-19 hastalığına yakalanma korkusu veya toplu taşıma araçlarını
kullanmalarının yasaklanması nedeniyle sağlık hizmetine erişimde problem yaşadıkları tespit
edilmiştir. Aşı olan katılımcılar kaygılarının azaldığını ve yakınlarıyla daha sık görüştüklerini
ifade edilmiştir. Demografik özelliklerin yanında kişisel tecrübelerin de etkilenme düzeyini
belirlediği görülmüştür.
Many measures have been taken by the government in our country in order to reduce the spread and effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, which affected the whole world in a short time after it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since the first days of the disease in our country, the curfews imposed on citizens over 65 years of age have continued for months and over time they have been loosened and restricted to certain hours. Some restrictions are still applied, showing regional differences. It is essential to examine the changes in the lives of the elderly population, who are isolated from life due to curfews, and to identify the problems they experience. The rights and positions of the elderly who lost their reputation due to the environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in our country should be discussed. Unlike modern policies, it should be ensured that the elderly stay in life with solutions suitable for human nature and the demands of the elderly. The universe of the study consists of elderly people living in the city center and villages of Gaziantep and Kilis. 414 people over the age of 65, living in Gaziantep and Kilis city center and their villages, participated in the survey. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 people living in Gaziantep and Kilis. A total of 4 focus group interviews were conducted: women and men living in the city and women and men living in the village. In the survey, the demographic information of the participants and the effects of the measures taken due to the COVID-19 epidemic were recorded. Demographic information was recorded in in-depth interviews and focus group interviews, and the effects of the measures taken due to the COVID-19 outbreak and their experiences in the process were tried to be determined with semi-structured interview questions. It was found that 59.7% of the participants needed to use medicine continuously, 65.6% of the medicine users had no change in their access to medicines during the epidemic period, and 30.4% had easier access to medicines. It was found that 17.9% of the participants had to go to health institutions continuously for examination, treatment and rehabilitation, and 41.9% of them had a negatively affected on their access to health services during the epidemic..It was found that 77.5% of the participants exprerience a decrease in the frequency of using public spaces, and 86.7% in the frequency of meeting with family members, neighbors, relatives and friends, and 53.4% felt more alone. both physically and mentally during their stay at home, and those who resided in the village, had a detached house or had a garden, were less affected by the curfews. Individuals over the age of 65 living in the village stated that they do not have as much difficulty as those in the city because they can work in their fields or gardens and talk to their relatives. Those who could, changed places to avoid the effects of the epidemic and the measures, and started to live next to their children or in houses with gardens. It has been determined that participants with chronic diseases who need examination, treatment or rehabilitation services have problems in accessing health services due to the fear of contracting COVID-19 disease or the prohibition of public transport. It was determined that the vaccinated participants had less anxiety and talked to their relatives more frequently. It has been observed that personal experiences as well as demographic characteristics determine the level of influence.
Many measures have been taken by the government in our country in order to reduce the spread and effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, which affected the whole world in a short time after it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since the first days of the disease in our country, the curfews imposed on citizens over 65 years of age have continued for months and over time they have been loosened and restricted to certain hours. Some restrictions are still applied, showing regional differences. It is essential to examine the changes in the lives of the elderly population, who are isolated from life due to curfews, and to identify the problems they experience. The rights and positions of the elderly who lost their reputation due to the environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and in our country should be discussed. Unlike modern policies, it should be ensured that the elderly stay in life with solutions suitable for human nature and the demands of the elderly. The universe of the study consists of elderly people living in the city center and villages of Gaziantep and Kilis. 414 people over the age of 65, living in Gaziantep and Kilis city center and their villages, participated in the survey. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 people living in Gaziantep and Kilis. A total of 4 focus group interviews were conducted: women and men living in the city and women and men living in the village. In the survey, the demographic information of the participants and the effects of the measures taken due to the COVID-19 epidemic were recorded. Demographic information was recorded in in-depth interviews and focus group interviews, and the effects of the measures taken due to the COVID-19 outbreak and their experiences in the process were tried to be determined with semi-structured interview questions. It was found that 59.7% of the participants needed to use medicine continuously, 65.6% of the medicine users had no change in their access to medicines during the epidemic period, and 30.4% had easier access to medicines. It was found that 17.9% of the participants had to go to health institutions continuously for examination, treatment and rehabilitation, and 41.9% of them had a negatively affected on their access to health services during the epidemic..It was found that 77.5% of the participants exprerience a decrease in the frequency of using public spaces, and 86.7% in the frequency of meeting with family members, neighbors, relatives and friends, and 53.4% felt more alone. both physically and mentally during their stay at home, and those who resided in the village, had a detached house or had a garden, were less affected by the curfews. Individuals over the age of 65 living in the village stated that they do not have as much difficulty as those in the city because they can work in their fields or gardens and talk to their relatives. Those who could, changed places to avoid the effects of the epidemic and the measures, and started to live next to their children or in houses with gardens. It has been determined that participants with chronic diseases who need examination, treatment or rehabilitation services have problems in accessing health services due to the fear of contracting COVID-19 disease or the prohibition of public transport. It was determined that the vaccinated participants had less anxiety and talked to their relatives more frequently. It has been observed that personal experiences as well as demographic characteristics determine the level of influence.
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Keywords
Sağlık Bilimleri, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities, Klinik Tıp (MED), Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Clinical Medicine (MED), Social Sciences (SOC), COVID-19, yaşlı, yaşçılık, salgın, tecrit, kaygı, sağlık hizmet, elderly, ageism, pandemics, isolation, anxiety, health services
Citation
Çalı Y. S., Çekin M. D., \"COVID-19 salgını dolayısıyla alınan tedbirlerin 65 yaş ve üzerindekilere etkileri\", International Congress of Health Research (ICOHER ’21), 25 - 28 Ağustos 2021, ss.569-571