Publication: Kültürel politik ekonomi perspektifinden popülist söylemlerle göçün güvenlikleştirilmesi: Trump dönemi
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2024
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Bu tezin amacı popülizmi ve popülist söylemleri kültürel politik ekonomi yaklaşımı ile irdelemek ve ABD’deki bu popülist eğilimlerin göçü güvenlikleştirmedeki rolünü doküman ve içerik analizleriyle somutlaştırarak literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Tezin amacı doğrultusunda belirlenen hipotez ise kültürün ve kültürel dönüşümün popülist eğilimleri ve popülist liderlerin söylemlerini etkilediği, bu etkileşimin ülkelerin göçü güvenlikleştirirken politik ekonomiyi farklı düzeylerde de olsa mutlaka şekillendirdiğidir. Bu kapsamda tezde, hipotezi değerlendirmek için ekonomik ve kültürel dinamiklerin popülizm aracılığıyla göçü güvenlikleştirmesine etkisi, inşacı teori ve güvenlikleştirmede Paris Ekolü yaklaşımı benimsenerek Trump dönemindeki ABD göç politikaları ve doğrudan iletişim sağlayan X gönderileri örneklem olarak alınmasıyla incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeyi yaparken popülist söylemler ile kültürel politik ekonomi ilişkisinin özellikleri de tespit edilmiştir. X gönderilerinin örneklem olarak alınması ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmasıyla ABD’de Trump döneminde göçmenlerin ve özellikle en yoğun nüfusa sahip olan Meksikalıların güvenlikleştirilmesine yönelik benimsenen popülist söylemlerin ‘sıradan halk’ın iradesini ve gerçeği hangi oranda yansıttığı ve Trump’ın popülist söylemlerindeki hakikat ötesi siyaset tarzı ortaya konmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Trump’ın göçü güvenlikleştirirken en yoğun kullandığı referans nesnesi ulusal güvenlik olmuştur. Sınır güvenliğine sıkça atıf yaparken, insani güvenlik açısından güvenlikleştirme daha kısıtlı kalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar kültürel politik ekonomi perspektifiyle yorumlanmıştır.
This thesis aims to examine populism and populist discourses with a cultural political economy approach and to contribute to the literature by concretizing the role of these populist tendencies in securitizing migration in the USA through document and content analyses. The hypothesis determined in line with the aim of the thesis is that culture and cultural transformation affect populist tendencies and the discourses of populist leaders and that this interaction necessarily shapes the political economy of countries while securitizing migration, albeit at different levels. In this context, to evaluate the hypothesis, the thesis examines the impact of economic and cultural dynamics on the securitization of migration through populism by adopting the constructivist theory and the Paris School approach in securitization, taking US migration policies in the Trump era and direct communication X posts as a sample. While conducting this analysis, the characteristics of the relationship between populist discourses and cultural political economy were also identified. By taking X posts as a sample and subjecting them to content analysis, the extent to which the populist discourses adopted in the US during the Trump era towards the securitization of immigrants -especially Mexicans-, who have the largest population, reflect the will and reality of the ‘ordinary people’ and the post-truth political style in Trump's populist discourses were revealed. According to the results of the analysis, the reference object that Trump used most intensively while securitizing migration was national security. While frequent references were made to border security, securitization in terms of human security remained more limited. These results were interpreted from the perspective of cultural political economy.
This thesis aims to examine populism and populist discourses with a cultural political economy approach and to contribute to the literature by concretizing the role of these populist tendencies in securitizing migration in the USA through document and content analyses. The hypothesis determined in line with the aim of the thesis is that culture and cultural transformation affect populist tendencies and the discourses of populist leaders and that this interaction necessarily shapes the political economy of countries while securitizing migration, albeit at different levels. In this context, to evaluate the hypothesis, the thesis examines the impact of economic and cultural dynamics on the securitization of migration through populism by adopting the constructivist theory and the Paris School approach in securitization, taking US migration policies in the Trump era and direct communication X posts as a sample. While conducting this analysis, the characteristics of the relationship between populist discourses and cultural political economy were also identified. By taking X posts as a sample and subjecting them to content analysis, the extent to which the populist discourses adopted in the US during the Trump era towards the securitization of immigrants -especially Mexicans-, who have the largest population, reflect the will and reality of the ‘ordinary people’ and the post-truth political style in Trump's populist discourses were revealed. According to the results of the analysis, the reference object that Trump used most intensively while securitizing migration was national security. While frequent references were made to border security, securitization in terms of human security remained more limited. These results were interpreted from the perspective of cultural political economy.
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Kültürel Politik Ekonomi, Popülizm, Göç, Güvenlikleştirme, Trump Cultural Political Economy, Populism, Migration, Securitization, Trump