Publication: Çivizade Muhyiddin Mehmet Efendi’nin fıkhi görüşleri
Abstract
Şeyhülislam Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi’nin (896-954/ 1491-1547) fıkhî görüşlerini ve fetvalarını ele aldığımız bu tezimizde öncelikle; Çivizâde’nin fıkhî görüşlerinin ve fetvalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, yaşamış olduğu dönemdeki ilmî hayatı ele aldıktan sonra, hayatını ve şahsiyetini tanıtmaya çalıştık. Daha sonra, Çivizâde’nin fıkhî görüşlerinin belirlenebilmesi ve sağlıklı bir şekilde değerlendirilebilmesi için Çivizâde’ye nispet edilen eserleri tespit ettik ve bu eserleri nüshalarıyla birlikte tanıttıktan sonra, kendisine nispetlerinin sıhhatini ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Bu çalışmamız esnasında, tabakât kitaplarında, kütüphane kataloglarında ve ikinci el kaynaklarda Çivizâde Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi’ye nispet edilen pek çok eserin aslında ona ait olmadığını; Çivizâde’nin, kendisi gibi şeyhülislamlık yapmış ve kendisiyle aynı ismi ve lakabı taşıyan oğlu; Çivizâde Mehmed Efendi (937–1530/ 995–1587) sebebiyle, eserlerinin ve fetvalarının birbirlerine karıştırıldığını, bazı eserlerin ise her iki müellife de ait olmadığını gördük. İkinci bölümde; ilk olarak Çivizâde’nin fıkıhla (İslam Hukuku’yla) ilgili risalelerini ele aldık ve bu risalelerdeki görüşlerini, ortaya koymuş olduğu delillerle birlikte yansıtmaya çalıştık. Fıkhî risalelerinin değerlendirilmesi bölümünde ise, risalelerindeki görüşlerinden yola çıkarak Çivizâde’nin içtihat, tahriç ve taklit anlayışını ve kendisinden önceki ulema ve kitaplarla ilgili değerlendirmelerini ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Daha sonra Çivizâde’nin fıkhî yönünün aydınlatılmasına katkı sağlamak üzere, kendisine ait olan ve klasik fetva usulüne göre, soru-cevap şeklinde vermiş olduğu fetvaları inceledik. İlk olarak bu fetvaların bulunduğu mecmuaları ve eserleri tanıttık ve bu mecmua ve eserlerin içerisinde yer alan ve Baba Çivizâde’ye ait olan fetvaların kendisine nispetini belirlemeye gayret sarfettik. Baba Çivizâde’ye ait olduğunu tespit edebildiğimiz fetvaları fıkıh bablarına göre tasnif ederek, latinize etmek suretiyle tezimize ilave ettik. Ardından da fetvaların değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili bir bölüm açtık ve bu bölümde genel olarak fetvaları değerlendirmekle birlikte, özellikle Çivizâde’yi ve onun fıkhî anlayışını yansıtan ve o dönemde tartışılan belli başlı konularla ilgili fetvaları ele aldık ve bu fetvalarla ilgili değerlendirmelerimizi sunduk.
In our thesis, in which we examined the juridical opinions and fatwas of Sheikh al-Islam Civizade Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi (896-954/ 1491-1547), we have primarily tried to introduce his life and personality after examining the scholarly life at the period he lived so that his juridical opinions and fatwas would be understood beter. Afterwards, to make it possible that his juridical opinions can be determined and evaluated reliably, we established the Works attributed to Civizade and after introducing these works with their manuscripts, we tried to manifest the reliability of these attributions to him. During this work, we noticed that many works attributed to Civizade Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi in the biographical works, library catalogs and second-hand sources do not belong to him in reality; because of his son carrying the same name and epithet who served as a Sheikh al-Islam like him, Civizade Mehmed Efendi (937-1530/ 995-1587), their works and fatwas were confused, and some of the works did not belong to either of the authors. In the second part; firstly we examined Civizade’s treatises about jurisprudence and tried to reflect his ideas in these treatises with the evidences he put forward. In the evaluation part of the juridical treatises starting from his opinions in his treatises we tried to manifest Civizade’s understanding of ictihad (law making about a subject where there no law exists), tahric (extracting meaning) and taklit (juridical imitation) and his assessments related with former scholars and books. Afterwards, in order to contribute to the enlightenment of Civizade’s juridical aspect, we examined the fatwas he gave belonging to him according classical fatwa manner, in the form question-answer. Firstly, we introduced the reviews and Works where these fatwas exist and exerted effort to establish the attribution of the fatwas belonging to Father Civizade. We added the fatwas which we could establish belonged to Father Civizade by classifying them according to juridical chapters and turning them into Latin alphabet. After that, we opened a chapter about the evaluation of the fatwas and in this part together with assessing the fatwas in general, we studied especially the fatwas about the major topics discussed at that period and reflecting Civizade and his juridical perspective and presented our assessments about these fatwas.
In our thesis, in which we examined the juridical opinions and fatwas of Sheikh al-Islam Civizade Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi (896-954/ 1491-1547), we have primarily tried to introduce his life and personality after examining the scholarly life at the period he lived so that his juridical opinions and fatwas would be understood beter. Afterwards, to make it possible that his juridical opinions can be determined and evaluated reliably, we established the Works attributed to Civizade and after introducing these works with their manuscripts, we tried to manifest the reliability of these attributions to him. During this work, we noticed that many works attributed to Civizade Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi in the biographical works, library catalogs and second-hand sources do not belong to him in reality; because of his son carrying the same name and epithet who served as a Sheikh al-Islam like him, Civizade Mehmed Efendi (937-1530/ 995-1587), their works and fatwas were confused, and some of the works did not belong to either of the authors. In the second part; firstly we examined Civizade’s treatises about jurisprudence and tried to reflect his ideas in these treatises with the evidences he put forward. In the evaluation part of the juridical treatises starting from his opinions in his treatises we tried to manifest Civizade’s understanding of ictihad (law making about a subject where there no law exists), tahric (extracting meaning) and taklit (juridical imitation) and his assessments related with former scholars and books. Afterwards, in order to contribute to the enlightenment of Civizade’s juridical aspect, we examined the fatwas he gave belonging to him according classical fatwa manner, in the form question-answer. Firstly, we introduced the reviews and Works where these fatwas exist and exerted effort to establish the attribution of the fatwas belonging to Father Civizade. We added the fatwas which we could establish belonged to Father Civizade by classifying them according to juridical chapters and turning them into Latin alphabet. After that, we opened a chapter about the evaluation of the fatwas and in this part together with assessing the fatwas in general, we studied especially the fatwas about the major topics discussed at that period and reflecting Civizade and his juridical perspective and presented our assessments about these fatwas.