Publication: Şîrâzî'nin el-Mühezzeb adlı eseriyle Cüveynî'nin Nihâyetü'l-matlab adlı eserinin metot ve muhteva açısından karşılaştırılması (Kitâbü'n-nikâh çerçevesinde)
Abstract
İmâm Şâfiî’nin cedîd görüşleri üzerinde şekillenen Şâfiî mezhebi, günümüze kadar muhtelif dönemlerden geçmiştir. Bu dönemlerden birisi hicrî 4. yüzyıldan sonra ortaya çıkan ve Nevevî’ye kadar devam eden süreçtir. Bu süreç içerisinde Şâfiî mezhebi, Irak ve Horasan bölgelerinde güçlenmiştir. Bu bölgelerde yaşayan Şâfiî fakihleri arasındaki mezhep aktarımındaki farklılıklar, mezhebi iki ayrı ekole ayırmıştır. Bu iki ekol arasındaki farklılıkların zamanla artması, bazı fakihleri bu iki ekolü birleştirme çabasına sevketmiştir. Bu iki ekolü birleştiren ve mezhep görüşünün (el-mezheb) tespitinde belirleyici konumda olan fakih, İmâm Nevevî (v. 676/ 1277) olmuştur. Nevevî’nin söz konusu eserleri incelendiğinde, onun doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak kendi döneminin Irak Şâfiî ekolünün temsilcisi konumundaki Ebû İshâk eş-Şîrâzî’nin Mühezzeb adlı eseri ile Horasan Şâfiî ekolünün önde gelen fakihi İmâmü’l-Harameyn el-Cüveynî’nin Nihâyetü’l-matlab adlı eserinden faydalandığı görülür. Bu tezde, adı geçen iki eser, nikâh bahsi bağlamında metot ve muhteva açısından karşılaştırılmaktadır. Nikâh bahsiyle sınırlanan bu çalışma, ilk olarak hicrî 5. yüzyılda yaşamış ve sonraki Şâfiî fakihleri üzerinde etkili olan iki fakihin entelektüel biyografilerini ele almaktadır. Bununla söz konusu fakihler ve metinleri arasındaki ilişki ve tarihsel bağlam tespiti hedeflenmektedir. Bu şekilde geleneğin sürekliliğini sağlayan iki temel dinamik (fakih-eser) ortaya konulduktan sonra Irak ve Horasan ekolleri, hoca talebe silsileri ve eserlerin nikâh bahisleri özelinde tarîk vecih kavramları izah edilerek kaynakları gösterilmektedir. Ardından eserlerin nikâh bahisleri önce muhteva sonra metot açısından karşılaştırılmaktadır. Bununla her iki fakihin fıkıh anlayışı ve mezhep algıları incelenerek Irak ve Horasan ekolleri arasındaki füru fıkıh yazımındaki farklıların tespiti hedeflenmektedir.
The school, which was shaped by the later (jadid) views of Imam al- Shāfi‘ī (d. 204/ 820), has passed through various periods until today. One of these periods is the process that emerged after the 4th century Hijri and continued until al-Imam Nawawi (d. 676/ 1277). In this process, the Shāfi‘ī school strenghened in Iraq and Khorasan regions. The differences in narrating the school among the Shāfi‘ī jurists living in these regions divided the school into two seperate ecoles. The differences between these two ecoles increased over time and some jurists tried to unite the two ecoles. The jurist who combined these two ecoles with his works and was in a decisive position in the determination of the school view (al-madhhab) was al-Nawawi. When the works of al-Nawawi are examined, it is seen that he directly or indirectly refers to Abu Ishaq al-Shīrāzī’s work al-Muhadhdhab, who is the representative of the Iraqi Shāfi‘ī school of his time, and the leading jurist of Khorasan Shāfi‘ī school, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaynī’s work Nihāyat al-maṭlab. In this dissertation, the two works mentioned are compared in terms of method and content in the context of marriage contract. This study, which is limited to the issue of marriage, first deals with the intellectual biographies of two jurists who lived in the 5th century Hijri and were influential on later Shāfi‘ī jurists. By that chapter, it is aimed to determine the relationship and historical context between these jurists and their texts. In this way, after the two basic dynamics (faqih-works) that ensure the continuity of the tradition are revealed, the Iraqi and Khorasan tariqs, the teacher-student sequences and the concepts of tarīq and vejh of the works are explained and their sources are shown. After the chapters about marriage contract, are compared in terms of content and method. Thus, it is aimed to determine the differences between the Iraq and Khorasan tariqs of fiqh writing by examining the fiqh understanding and school of law perceptions of both jurists.
The school, which was shaped by the later (jadid) views of Imam al- Shāfi‘ī (d. 204/ 820), has passed through various periods until today. One of these periods is the process that emerged after the 4th century Hijri and continued until al-Imam Nawawi (d. 676/ 1277). In this process, the Shāfi‘ī school strenghened in Iraq and Khorasan regions. The differences in narrating the school among the Shāfi‘ī jurists living in these regions divided the school into two seperate ecoles. The differences between these two ecoles increased over time and some jurists tried to unite the two ecoles. The jurist who combined these two ecoles with his works and was in a decisive position in the determination of the school view (al-madhhab) was al-Nawawi. When the works of al-Nawawi are examined, it is seen that he directly or indirectly refers to Abu Ishaq al-Shīrāzī’s work al-Muhadhdhab, who is the representative of the Iraqi Shāfi‘ī school of his time, and the leading jurist of Khorasan Shāfi‘ī school, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaynī’s work Nihāyat al-maṭlab. In this dissertation, the two works mentioned are compared in terms of method and content in the context of marriage contract. This study, which is limited to the issue of marriage, first deals with the intellectual biographies of two jurists who lived in the 5th century Hijri and were influential on later Shāfi‘ī jurists. By that chapter, it is aimed to determine the relationship and historical context between these jurists and their texts. In this way, after the two basic dynamics (faqih-works) that ensure the continuity of the tradition are revealed, the Iraqi and Khorasan tariqs, the teacher-student sequences and the concepts of tarīq and vejh of the works are explained and their sources are shown. After the chapters about marriage contract, are compared in terms of content and method. Thus, it is aimed to determine the differences between the Iraq and Khorasan tariqs of fiqh writing by examining the fiqh understanding and school of law perceptions of both jurists.