Publication: Eğitsel oyunlarla uygulanan pedagojik sanat eleştirisi yönteminin özel eğitim meslek okulu öğrencilerinin sanatsal gelişim düzeyine etkisi
Abstract
Görsel Sanatlar Eğitimi bilişsel, duyuşsal ve psikomotor öğrenme alanlarına ait kazanımlarla öğrencinin gelişimini desteklemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu kazanımlar, Özel Eğitim Meslek Okullarında eğitim gören özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için de geçerlidir. Özel Eğitim Meslek Okulu Görsel Sanatlar ders programında, yapılacak çalışmaların öğrencilerin bireysel gelişim basamaklarına uygun hazırlanması önerilmektedir. Görsel Sanatlar eğitiminde hedeflenen bireysel gelişim alanlarından birisi de sanatsal gelişimdir. Ancak araştırmalar uygulanan programda bu konuda öğretim planı ve etkinlik uygulamalarına ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Pedagojik sanat eleştirisi yöntemi, sanat eleştirisi inceleme aşamaları ile araştırma, çözümleme, akıl yürütme ve problem çözme becerilerini geliştirmektedir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen öğrenme davranışları yapılan çalışmalara aktarılarak sanatsal gelişim düzeyini arttırmaktadır. Bu da ancak yöntemi, öğrencilere uygun planlama ve uygun materyallerle sunmakla mümkün olabilir. Özel eğitim öğrencilerine yöntem, öğrenmede kalıcılığın en yüksek düzeyde sağlandığı birçok duyu organının kullanılmasını içeren, eğlenceli, dikkati uzun süre sağlayabilen, birebir katılımcı oldukları teknik ve materyaller ile uygulanmalıdır. Eğitsel oyunlar, hedeflenen kazanımlar doğrultusunda planlanma esnekliğine sahip olmaları, kendine has malzemelere ve kurallara sahip olmaları, öğrencinin öğrenme ortamına isteyerek ve zevk alarak katıldığı, bireysel veya grup halinde gerçekleştirilebilen, bireysel başarı, rekabet veya işbirliği içeren etkinlikler olması açısından bu amaçla kullanılabilecek en iyi yöntemlerdendir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu araştırmada; eğitsel oyunlarla uygulanan pedagojik sanat eleştirisi yönteminin özel eğitim meslek okulu öğrencilerinin sanatsal gelişim düzeyine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, İstanbul Eram Fatih Özel Eğitim Meslek Okulu 11. Sınıf öğrencilerinden, 2’si pilot uygulama grubunda, 3’ü yöntem uygulama grubunda olmak üzere 5 özel gereksinimli öğrenciyle, Tek denekli araştırmalardan denekler arası çoklu yoklama modeliyle, araştırma modeline uygun hazırlanmış oturum planlarıyla 16 haftada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde veriler bireysel tanıma formu (yarı yapılandırılmış), kavram bilgisi ve beceri düzeyi bilgi formu (yarı yapılandırılmış), pedagojik sanat eleştirisi çalışma yaprağı, öğrenci resim değerlendirme formu aracılığı ile toplanmış ve elde edilen veriler alt amaçlar doğrultusunda grafiksel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Eğitsel Oyunlarla Uygulanan Pedagojik Sanat Eleştirisi Yöntemi, araştırmaya katılan yöntem uygulama grubu öğrencilerinin sanatsal gelişim düzeyinde; figür betimlemesi, obje betimlemesi, renk uygulama ve kompozisyon oluşturma açısından anlamlı düzeyde fark yaratarak sanatsal gelişim düzeylerinin yükselmesine ve resim uygulamalarında kalıcı öğrenmenin anlamlı bir düzeyde gerçekleşmesine neden olmuştur.
The goal of the Visual Arts Education is supporting the student’s development with the acquisitions in relation to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor educational fields. These acquisitions are also valid for the students who are educated in the Technical High Schools for the handicapped. It is suggested that the studies should be in accordance with the individual development steps of the students. One of the individual development fields in Visual Arts Education is artistic development. Nevertheless, the studies show that instructional plan and activity applications to be needed in the adopted plan. Pedagogical art critics method develops the research, analysis, reasoning and problem-solving skills as well as the art criticism research steps. The learning behaviors acquired as a result of these researches are increasing the artistic development level by transmitting them to the conducted studies. This is only possible by providing the method to students with proper planning and convenient materials. The method should be applied to the students with the technics and materials that involves using many sense organs provided by the highest level of permanency in learning, having fun elements and attracting attention for long periods. Educational games are the best methods as they have the flexibility of planning, having sui generis materials and rules, and as activities having individual success, competition and cooperation that are organized within individuals or groups which the students are willingly and enjoyingly participated. From this point forth, in this study the aim is determination of the effects of pedagogical art criticism method to the for the special education students educated in technical high schools. The study is conducted with 5 special education students that divided in 2 pilot scheme group and 3 method application group from İstanbul Eram Fatih Technical High School for Special Education students who are 11th grade, on spring semester of 2021-2022 academic year. The study is made with the multiple audit model from between the subjects in 16 weeks with the layout plan suited for the research model. Data, in the research process, are collected via individual acknowledgment form (semi-structured), concept cognition and skill level information form (semi-structured), pedagogic art criticism study leaflet and student paint review form and thus the acquired data is analyzed by graphical analysis method as per the subgoals. According to the research results, Pedagogic Art Criticism Method Applied with Educational Games, promotes the artistic development levels and caused the permanent learning realized in substantive level on paint applications in terms of figure and object depiction, color appliance and composition creation thereby making significant difference of the artistic development level on the method application group who are participated in research.
The goal of the Visual Arts Education is supporting the student’s development with the acquisitions in relation to the cognitive, affective and psychomotor educational fields. These acquisitions are also valid for the students who are educated in the Technical High Schools for the handicapped. It is suggested that the studies should be in accordance with the individual development steps of the students. One of the individual development fields in Visual Arts Education is artistic development. Nevertheless, the studies show that instructional plan and activity applications to be needed in the adopted plan. Pedagogical art critics method develops the research, analysis, reasoning and problem-solving skills as well as the art criticism research steps. The learning behaviors acquired as a result of these researches are increasing the artistic development level by transmitting them to the conducted studies. This is only possible by providing the method to students with proper planning and convenient materials. The method should be applied to the students with the technics and materials that involves using many sense organs provided by the highest level of permanency in learning, having fun elements and attracting attention for long periods. Educational games are the best methods as they have the flexibility of planning, having sui generis materials and rules, and as activities having individual success, competition and cooperation that are organized within individuals or groups which the students are willingly and enjoyingly participated. From this point forth, in this study the aim is determination of the effects of pedagogical art criticism method to the for the special education students educated in technical high schools. The study is conducted with 5 special education students that divided in 2 pilot scheme group and 3 method application group from İstanbul Eram Fatih Technical High School for Special Education students who are 11th grade, on spring semester of 2021-2022 academic year. The study is made with the multiple audit model from between the subjects in 16 weeks with the layout plan suited for the research model. Data, in the research process, are collected via individual acknowledgment form (semi-structured), concept cognition and skill level information form (semi-structured), pedagogic art criticism study leaflet and student paint review form and thus the acquired data is analyzed by graphical analysis method as per the subgoals. According to the research results, Pedagogic Art Criticism Method Applied with Educational Games, promotes the artistic development levels and caused the permanent learning realized in substantive level on paint applications in terms of figure and object depiction, color appliance and composition creation thereby making significant difference of the artistic development level on the method application group who are participated in research.
Description
Keywords
Artistic development, Children with disabilities, Education, Educational games, Eğitim, Eğitsel oyunlar, Eğitsel oyunlar Visual Arts Education, Engelli çocuklar, Görsel algı, Görsel sanat, Görsel Sanatlar eğitimi, Özel eğitim, Pedagogic art criticism method, Pedagojik sanat eleştirisi yöntemi, Sanatsal gelişim, Special education, Visual art, Visual perception
