Publication: Siyasal sistem ve medya kuramları bağlamında Türkiye’de gazeteciliğin mesleki kimlik sorunu ve bir alan araştırması
Abstract
SİYASAL SİSTEM VE MEDYA KURAMLARI BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKİYE’DE GAZETECİLİĞİN MESLEKİ KİMLİK SORUNU VE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI Gazetecilik, siyasal gelişmelere bağlı olarak “özgürlük ve sorumluluklar” bakımından mesleki bir sorunla karşı karşıyadır. Türkiye’de gazetecilik alanında, hem bu işi yapanlar açısından hem de görev ve sorumluluklar bakımından tam olarak ortaya konulmuş belirli sınırlar bulunmamaktadır. Mesleki kimliğin yeniden tanımlanmasına ve “kime gazeteci denir?” sorusunun cevabının bulunmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Gazeteciliğin meslek olarak uygulanması konusunda kavramsal ve kuramsal boşlukların yanında tarihsel analizler de yeterli değildir. Yasalar günümüz koşullarına uyum sağlamakta zorlandığından, mesleki kimlik açısından sorun yaratmaktadır. Mesleki etik ve iş ahlakındaki kuralsızlık, mesleki kimlikte belirsizliklere yol açmaktadır. Gazetecilik mesleğini yürütenlerin, toplumsal sorumluluk işlevlerini yerine getirememesi de, haber medyasının güven ve itibar kaybetmesine neden olmaktadır. Üzerinde çalıştığımız “gazeteciliğin mesleki kimlik sorunu” da bu konularda, sorunların tespiti ve öneri geliştirilmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet tarihinden günümüze kadarki süreçte siyasi yapılanma ile medya kuramlarının örtüşme ve çelişme noktalarının tespit edildiği çalışmamızda, başarısızlıkların ve çelişkilerin ardındaki gerçekler belirlenip, mesleki kimliğe etkileri de ortaya konulmuştur. Türkiye’deki siyasal sistemden etkilenen, haber medyası ve gazeteciliğin toplumsal işlevleri, mesleğin yasal çerçevesi, örgütsel yapısı, etik değerleri, mesleki zorlukları, yetersizlikleri ve diğer disiplinlerle ilişkileri, medya kuramları çerçevesinde, mesleki kimlik açısından sorgulanmış ve bu çalışma bir saha araştırmasıyla desteklenmiştir. Sorunun temelinde, Türkiye’nin siyasal sistemindeki yapısal ve dönemsel bozulmalar ile bu sistemin medyaya yansımalarının yol açtığı problemlerin yattığı tespit edilmiştir. Gazeteciliğin bir meslek özelliği taşıması için, devlet müdahalesinden bağımsız bir mesleki örgütlenmeyi gerçekleştirmesi ve siyasal sistemin belirlediği bir yapılanma yerine, siyasal sistemin sağlıklı işlemesine katkıda bulunan bir yapıya kavuşması gerekmektedir.
OCCUPATIONAL IDENTITY PROBLEM OF JOURNALISM IN TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM AND MEDIA THEORIES AND A FIELD STUDY Depending on political developments, journalism is facing an occupational problem in means of “freedom and responsibility”. There are not completely stated limits for the field of journalism both from the point of the ones performing this profession and from the point of duties and responsibilities. There is a need to redefine occupational identity and find answer for the question “who is called journalist”. In addition to conceptual and theoretical gaps on the implementation of journalism as an occupation, historical analyses are not sufficient. Since it is hard to adapt the laws to the conditions of our day, it creates a problem for occupational identity. Lawlessness in occupational ethics and business morality cause ambiguities in occupational identity. And inability of the ones conducting journalism profession to perform social responsibility functions causes the news media lose reliability and reputation. The current study “Occupational identity problem of journalism” is important in means of detecting the problems within these subjects and developing suggestions. Within this direction, political structuring and overlapping and contradicting points of media theories from the Ottoman and Republic periods to our current day are detected in this study and the facts behind the failures and contradictions are determined, their effects on occupational identity are also stated. Social functions of news media and journalism which are affected from the political system in Turkey, legal frame of profession, organizational structure, ethical values, professional challenges, deficiencies and relationships with other disciplines are investigated within the framework of media theories and from the perspective of occupational identity and this study is supported with a field study. It has been identified that at the basis of the problem lies structural and periodical decompositions in the political system of Turkey and the problems caused by the reflections of this system on media. In order for journalism to carry an occupation feature, it should accomplish an occupational organization free from government interventions and it should have a structure contributing to sound progress of political system instead of a structure determined by political system.
OCCUPATIONAL IDENTITY PROBLEM OF JOURNALISM IN TURKEY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM AND MEDIA THEORIES AND A FIELD STUDY Depending on political developments, journalism is facing an occupational problem in means of “freedom and responsibility”. There are not completely stated limits for the field of journalism both from the point of the ones performing this profession and from the point of duties and responsibilities. There is a need to redefine occupational identity and find answer for the question “who is called journalist”. In addition to conceptual and theoretical gaps on the implementation of journalism as an occupation, historical analyses are not sufficient. Since it is hard to adapt the laws to the conditions of our day, it creates a problem for occupational identity. Lawlessness in occupational ethics and business morality cause ambiguities in occupational identity. And inability of the ones conducting journalism profession to perform social responsibility functions causes the news media lose reliability and reputation. The current study “Occupational identity problem of journalism” is important in means of detecting the problems within these subjects and developing suggestions. Within this direction, political structuring and overlapping and contradicting points of media theories from the Ottoman and Republic periods to our current day are detected in this study and the facts behind the failures and contradictions are determined, their effects on occupational identity are also stated. Social functions of news media and journalism which are affected from the political system in Turkey, legal frame of profession, organizational structure, ethical values, professional challenges, deficiencies and relationships with other disciplines are investigated within the framework of media theories and from the perspective of occupational identity and this study is supported with a field study. It has been identified that at the basis of the problem lies structural and periodical decompositions in the political system of Turkey and the problems caused by the reflections of this system on media. In order for journalism to carry an occupation feature, it should accomplish an occupational organization free from government interventions and it should have a structure contributing to sound progress of political system instead of a structure determined by political system.