Publication: XX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Türk milliyetçiliği yorumları (Dündar Taşer, Ahmet Arvasi, Durmuş Hocaoğlu)
Abstract
Türkiye’nin cumhuriyet sonrası yaşamış olduğu milliyetçilik olgusu önceki tarihlerde tecrübe etmiş olduğu birikimlerin de bir devamı niteliğindedir. Milliyetçi hareketlere dikkat edildiğinde pek çok farklı milliyetçi ideolojinin bulunduğu görülmektedir. Her ülke içerisinde birbirinden farklımilliyetçilik anlayışları vardır. Türkiye’deki milliyetçilik de kendi tarihsel ve toplumsal olaylarının neticesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu kendine özgü milliyetçilik anlayışı, Osmanlı’nın son döneminde ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’ye, Osmanlı’dan devredilen milliyetçilik düşüncesi, devletin ve milletin geleceğini koruma endişesi yanında, ulus inşa etme görevlerini de üstlenerek sonrasında edebi bir hal alarak kökleşmeye başlamıştır. Türk milliyetçiliğinin nasıl olması gerektiğinin düşüncesi Tek Parti dönemi, çok partili hayat, II. Dünya Savaşı, 1944 Irkçılık-Turancılık davaları, 1960 Darbesi gibi süreçlerde değişik gidişatlara uğramıştır. Bu çalışmada; millet kavramı, milliyetçiliğin tarihsel süreci, Osmanlı Dönemi’nde ortaya çıkan ve ilmi çalışmalar yoluyla temellendirilen sonrasında ise Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde yaşanılan Türk milliyetçiliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ise Türk milliyetçiliği ve kültüründe önemli yeri olan Dündar Taşer, Ahmet Arvasi ve Durmuş Hocaoğlu’nun hayatı ve görüşlerinin analizini yapmaktır. Bu analizler yapılırken meslekleri, yaşadıkları dönemler, eğitimleri ve farklılıklarının yanı sıra, eserlerindeki üsluplarına dikkat edilmiştir. Çalışma içerisinde bu üç fikir insanının millet, milliyetçilik, devlet, vatan, Atatürk, cumhuriyet, modernleşme, demokrasi, ülkücülük, aydın, militarizm, insan hakları vb. kavramlara yaklaşımları ve kavramları nasıl değerlendirdiklerine hatta Türkiye’nin geleceğine ve muhtemel problemleri için çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı ise üç fikir insanına ait yaklaşım tarzının, görüş ve fikirlerin belirlenen başlıklar dâhilinde neler olduğunun ortaya konulmasıdır.
The nationalist approaches that Turkey has experienced after the republic is a continuation of the experience it has been through previous dates. It can be realized that there are many different nationalist ideologies when focusing on nationalist movements. There are different kinds of understandings of nationalism within each country. As a result of its own historical and social events, nationalism in Turkey has been shaped. This distinctive nationalism emerged in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The idea of nationalism, which was transferred to Turkey from the Ottoman Empire to the republic, began to take a literary form, taking on the duties of nation-building besides the concern of protecting the future of the state and the nation. The idea of how Turkish nationalism should be has gone through different phases, such as the single-party period, the multi-party life, World War II, the 1944 Racisim-Turanism trials, and the 1960 military coup. This study explains the concept of nation, the historical development of nationalism, the Turkish nationalism that emerged in the Ottoman period and was based on scientific studies and then experienced in the republican period. The study aims to analyze the life and views of Dündar Taşer, Ahmet Arvasi, and Durmuş Hocaoğlu, who have a significant place in Turkish nationalism and culture. While carrying out these analyzes, the main focus was on their occupations, periods they lived, their educational background, and their differences, as well as their turns of expression. In the study, in addition to how they approach and evaluate concepts such as nation, nationalism, state, homeland, Atatürk, republic, modernization, democracy, idealism, intellectuals, militarism, human rights, the future of Turkey, and solution proposals for possible problems were included. The importance of this research is to see the opinions and approaches of the three intellectuals within the determined titles and the ideas they put forward.
The nationalist approaches that Turkey has experienced after the republic is a continuation of the experience it has been through previous dates. It can be realized that there are many different nationalist ideologies when focusing on nationalist movements. There are different kinds of understandings of nationalism within each country. As a result of its own historical and social events, nationalism in Turkey has been shaped. This distinctive nationalism emerged in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The idea of nationalism, which was transferred to Turkey from the Ottoman Empire to the republic, began to take a literary form, taking on the duties of nation-building besides the concern of protecting the future of the state and the nation. The idea of how Turkish nationalism should be has gone through different phases, such as the single-party period, the multi-party life, World War II, the 1944 Racisim-Turanism trials, and the 1960 military coup. This study explains the concept of nation, the historical development of nationalism, the Turkish nationalism that emerged in the Ottoman period and was based on scientific studies and then experienced in the republican period. The study aims to analyze the life and views of Dündar Taşer, Ahmet Arvasi, and Durmuş Hocaoğlu, who have a significant place in Turkish nationalism and culture. While carrying out these analyzes, the main focus was on their occupations, periods they lived, their educational background, and their differences, as well as their turns of expression. In the study, in addition to how they approach and evaluate concepts such as nation, nationalism, state, homeland, Atatürk, republic, modernization, democracy, idealism, intellectuals, militarism, human rights, the future of Turkey, and solution proposals for possible problems were included. The importance of this research is to see the opinions and approaches of the three intellectuals within the determined titles and the ideas they put forward.