Publication: Dışa açıklık ve kalkınma ilişkisi : Brezilya, Arjantin ve Türkiye örneği
Abstract
Kalkınma kavramı iktisat çalışmalarında yıllardır tartılışmış ve kalkınmanın nasıl gerçekleşeceği hususunda fikir birliğine varılmamıştır. Dünya üzerindeki bütün ülkelerin öncelikli amacı olan kalkınmanın sağlanabilmesi için birçok politika geliştirilmiş ve uygulamaya konulmuştur. Kalkınmanın belirleyicileri arasında en çok irdelenen dışa açıklık olmuştur. Bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişki çeşitli faktörler aracılığıyla kurulmuş ve etkileri araştırılmıştır. Brezilya, Arjantin ve Türkiye’nin kalkınma süreçlerine dışa açıklığın etkisinin ölçüldüğü bu çalışmada da öncelikle yaklaşık yüz yıllık bir tarihsel süreç incelenmiş, ardından üç ülkenin de liberalleşme ve dışa açılma hızının arttığı 1990- 2019 yılları arasındaki dönem ARDL testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu dönemde dışa açıklık arttıkça ülkelerdeki kalkınmanın da arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The concept of development has been discussed in economic studies for years and no consensus has been reached on how development will take place. Many policies have been developed and put into practice in order to ensure development, which is the primary goal of all countries in the world. Among the determinants of development, openness to the outside has been the most examined. The relationship between these two phenomena was established through various factors and their effects were investigated. In this study, in which the effect of openness on the development processes of Brazil, Argentina and Turkey was measured, a historical process of about a century was examined first, and then the period between 1990 and 2019, when the rate of liberalization and opening up in all three countries increased, was analyzed using the ARDL test. In this period, it was concluded that as the openness increased, the development in the countries also increased.
The concept of development has been discussed in economic studies for years and no consensus has been reached on how development will take place. Many policies have been developed and put into practice in order to ensure development, which is the primary goal of all countries in the world. Among the determinants of development, openness to the outside has been the most examined. The relationship between these two phenomena was established through various factors and their effects were investigated. In this study, in which the effect of openness on the development processes of Brazil, Argentina and Turkey was measured, a historical process of about a century was examined first, and then the period between 1990 and 2019, when the rate of liberalization and opening up in all three countries increased, was analyzed using the ARDL test. In this period, it was concluded that as the openness increased, the development in the countries also increased.