Publication: Devletin finans çevreleriyle ilişkileri açısından Galata Bankeri George Zarifi (1806-1884)
Abstract
Devletin Finans Çevreleriyle İlişkileri Açısından Galata Bankeri George Zarifi (1806-1884) George Zarifi 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı finans tarihinin önemli figürlerinden biridir. 1850'lerin başından itibaren devlete kısa vadeli avanslar açan bankerlerden birisidir. Devlet desteği ile kurulan bazı banka ve şirketlerin de kurucuları ve ortakları arasında yer almıştır. Yabancı sermaye girişinin artması üzerine Galata bankerleri yeni kurumlar oluşturdular. Bunlardan en önemlisi 1864 yılında kurulan ve Zarifi'nin de ortağı olduğu Şirket-i Umumî idi. 1870 yılından itibaren Galata'da pek çok şirket kuruldu. Zarifi bu şirketlerin büyük bir kısmına ortak olmuştu. 1875 yılında devlet moratoryum ilân etti. Borçların ödenebilmesi için bazı likidasyon projeleri üretildi. George Zarifi bu projelerde aktif bir rol oynadı. 1876'dan itibaren devlet sürekli bir savaş içindeydi. Zarifi ve sahibi olduğu bankalar Rusya ile olan 1877-78 savaşının finansmanında önemli paya sahipti. Savaş sonrası dönemde iç borçların tasfiyesi için üretilen projelerde de yer aldı. 1881'de Duyun-ı Umumiyye'nin kurulması ile Galata bankerlerinin altın çağı sona erdi. George Zarifi bu tarihten sonra sağlık sorunları ile uğraştı ve 1884 yılında öldü.
From the Angle of State's Relations with Financiers Galata Banker George Zarifi (1806-1884) George Zarifi is an important figure of 19th century Ottoman financial history. By the beginning of 1850s he became a banker who was advancing short term loans to the state. Also he took place at the foundation of banks and companies supported by state, as founder and shareholder. Galata bankers formed new financial institutions after the entrance of foreign capital. The most important one was Şirket-i Umumî found in 1864, also Zarifi was one of the partner of the company. By the year 1870, many companies formed at Galata. Zarifi had joint most of these. In 1875 Ottoman State announced moratorium. For liqudation of the debts some projects were produced. George Zarifi played an active rol in these projects. By the year 1876 state was in a continuous war. Zarifi and his banks owned the important part of financing the war with Russia during 1877-78. At the afterwar period he took place in the projects produced for payment of interior debts. In 1881, by the foundation of Public Debt Administration, the golden age of Galata bankers came to an end. After this date George Zarifi dealed with health problems and in 1884 died.
From the Angle of State's Relations with Financiers Galata Banker George Zarifi (1806-1884) George Zarifi is an important figure of 19th century Ottoman financial history. By the beginning of 1850s he became a banker who was advancing short term loans to the state. Also he took place at the foundation of banks and companies supported by state, as founder and shareholder. Galata bankers formed new financial institutions after the entrance of foreign capital. The most important one was Şirket-i Umumî found in 1864, also Zarifi was one of the partner of the company. By the year 1870, many companies formed at Galata. Zarifi had joint most of these. In 1875 Ottoman State announced moratorium. For liqudation of the debts some projects were produced. George Zarifi played an active rol in these projects. By the year 1876 state was in a continuous war. Zarifi and his banks owned the important part of financing the war with Russia during 1877-78. At the afterwar period he took place in the projects produced for payment of interior debts. In 1881, by the foundation of Public Debt Administration, the golden age of Galata bankers came to an end. After this date George Zarifi dealed with health problems and in 1884 died.