Publication: Seçme Hakkının Yaş Bakımından Sınırlanması ve Osmanlı-Türkiye Anayasacılığındaki Evrimi
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Abstract
Seçme hakkı, birey ve devlet arasında köprü kuran siyasal haklar kategorisinde yer alır. Bu hak,
devletin oluşumu ve karar alma sürecine bireyin katılımını sağladığı için, demokrasinin zorunlu
unsurlarındandır.
Önceleri yalnızca erkeklerin belli bir kısmına ait olan seçme hakkı, zamanla eşitliğe uygun biçimde
herkese tanınmıştır. Böylece, evrensel ilkelerden bir olan genel oy ilkesine ulaşılmıştır. Ancak genel
oy ilkesi, makul sınırlar koymayı engellemez. Diğer bir deyişle genel oy, her insanın seçme hakkını
kullanması anlamına gelmez. Söz konusu makûl sınırlardan biri de, yaş şartıdır.
Seçme hakkı, Anayasa’da 67. maddede düzenlenir. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi’nde (İHAS)
düzenlenmeyen serbest seçim hakkı ise, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Sözleşmesi’ne Ek 1 no.lu Protokol m.
3’le düzenlenmiştir.
Bu bağlamda, ülkemizde seçmen yaşı – 1934’te 18 yaştan 22 yaşa yükseltme hariç – sürekli düşme
eğilimi göstererek, 1995 Anayasa değişikliği ile 18 yaşa düşürülmüştür. Seçilme yaşı ise, 2017 Anayasa
değişikliği ile 18 yaşa düşürülmüştür. Böylece, seçme ve seçilme yaşı eşitlenmiştir.
Oy hakkında temel ilke eşitliktir. Eşitlik bağlamında, yaş, seçim türü, vb. açılardan ideal ilkeler
belirlenebilir.
The category of political rights builds the bridge between the individual and the state. The rights to vote and be elected are among the rights in this category. These rights are essential elements of democracy, as they contribute to the formation of the state and the participation of the individual in the decisionmaking process. The right to vote, which previously belonged only to a certain part of men, has been granted to everyone in accordance with equality over time. Thus, the principle of universal suffrage, which is one of the universal principles, has been reached. However, the principle of universal suffrage does not preclude setting reasonable limits. In other words, universal suffrage does not mean that every person can exercise their right to vote. One of these reasonable limits is the age requirement. The right to free elections is regulated in Article 67 of the Constitution. The right to free elections, which is not regulated in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), is regulated by article 3 of First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In this context, the voting age in our country has generally tended to decrease. However, in 1934 rise from 18 to 22 is excluded. The voting age was reduced to 18 with the 1995 constitutional amendment. The election age was reduced to 18 with the 2017 Constitutional Amendment. Thus, voting and election age are equalized. The basic principle about voting is equality. In the context of equality, age, type of election, etc. some ideal principles can be determined.
The category of political rights builds the bridge between the individual and the state. The rights to vote and be elected are among the rights in this category. These rights are essential elements of democracy, as they contribute to the formation of the state and the participation of the individual in the decisionmaking process. The right to vote, which previously belonged only to a certain part of men, has been granted to everyone in accordance with equality over time. Thus, the principle of universal suffrage, which is one of the universal principles, has been reached. However, the principle of universal suffrage does not preclude setting reasonable limits. In other words, universal suffrage does not mean that every person can exercise their right to vote. One of these reasonable limits is the age requirement. The right to free elections is regulated in Article 67 of the Constitution. The right to free elections, which is not regulated in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), is regulated by article 3 of First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In this context, the voting age in our country has generally tended to decrease. However, in 1934 rise from 18 to 22 is excluded. The voting age was reduced to 18 with the 1995 constitutional amendment. The election age was reduced to 18 with the 2017 Constitutional Amendment. Thus, voting and election age are equalized. The basic principle about voting is equality. In the context of equality, age, type of election, etc. some ideal principles can be determined.
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Keywords
Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Hukuk, Social Sciences and Humanities, Law, Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Sosyal Bilimler Genel, HUKUK, Social Sciences (SOC), SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL, LAW, Social Sciences & Humanities, Election, Voting age, Right to free election, Universal suffrage, Political rights, etc., Seçim, Seçmen yaşı, Serbest seçim hakkı, Genel oy, Siyasî haklar, vs.
Citation
Sezer A., "Seçme Hakkının Yaş Bakımından Sınırlanması ve Osmanlı-Türkiye Anayasacılığındaki Evrimi", Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, cilt.27, sa.2, ss.983-1012, 2021
