Publication: Dış aktörlerin iç savaş dinamiklerine etkisi : Yemen örneği
Abstract
Hâkim otoriter düzenin siyasi, ekonomik ve etnik temel yapıtaşlarını derinden etkileyen Arap Baharı, Orta Doğu’da etkin olan aktörlerin güvenlik politikalarını ve stratejilerini yeniden gündeme getirmiştir. Bölgede farklı politik ajandalara sahip olan egemen güçler, bu coğrafyada bulunan birçok ülkenin iç problemlerine doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak müdahale ederken Arap Yarımadasının güneybatısında bulunan Yemen’in yaşadığı iç savaşlara seyirci kalmamıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nden ayrılıp bağımsızlığını ilan eden Yemen, 1962-68’de bir iç savaşa sahne olmuş, benzer bir şekilde 2015’ten günümüze kadar devam eden yeni bir iç savaşı yaşamaktadır. Yemen’de kendi içinde farklı gündemler takip eden gerek siyasi gerek toplumsal rol oynayan iç dinamikler, bu savaşlarda hedef ve çıkar ortaklığına dayalı dış aktörlerin desteğini almışlardır. Bu minvalde bu tezin amacı, Yemen iç savaşlarına müdahil dış aktörlerin, -Mısır, Suudi Arabistan ve İran- mukayeseli olarak çatışmaların seyrini nasıl değiştirdiği ve iç aktörler üzerinde nasıl bir tesire sebep olduğunu incelemektir.
THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ACTORS ON INTERNAL WAR DYNAMICS: THE CASE OF YEMENThe Arab Spring, which deeply affected the political, economic and ethnic building blocks of the dominant authoritarian order, brought the security policies and strategies of the actors active in the Middle East back to the agenda. While the sovereign powers, who have different political agendas in the region, directly or indirectly intervene in the internal problems of many countries in this geography, Yemen's civil wars in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula have not been watched. Yemen, which separated from the Ottoman Empire after the First World War and declared its independence, was the scene of a civil war in 1962-68, similarly, it is experiencing a new civil war that has been continuing since 2015 until today. In Yemen, internal dynamics that follow different agendas and play both political and social roles have received the support of external actors based on goals and interests in these wars. In this respect, the aim of this thesis is to examine how the external actors involved in Yemen's civil wars - Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iran - changed the course of the conflicts in comparison and what effect they had on domestic actors.
THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ACTORS ON INTERNAL WAR DYNAMICS: THE CASE OF YEMENThe Arab Spring, which deeply affected the political, economic and ethnic building blocks of the dominant authoritarian order, brought the security policies and strategies of the actors active in the Middle East back to the agenda. While the sovereign powers, who have different political agendas in the region, directly or indirectly intervene in the internal problems of many countries in this geography, Yemen's civil wars in the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula have not been watched. Yemen, which separated from the Ottoman Empire after the First World War and declared its independence, was the scene of a civil war in 1962-68, similarly, it is experiencing a new civil war that has been continuing since 2015 until today. In Yemen, internal dynamics that follow different agendas and play both political and social roles have received the support of external actors based on goals and interests in these wars. In this respect, the aim of this thesis is to examine how the external actors involved in Yemen's civil wars - Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iran - changed the course of the conflicts in comparison and what effect they had on domestic actors.