Publication: ERKEN DÖNEM HILAFET ÖRNEKLERI IŞIĞINDA İSLAM’DA DEMOKRATIK BIR HILAFET TASAVVURU MÜMKÜN MÜ?
Abstract
Bu araştırmamızda Hz. Peygamberin vefatından sonra ümmet arasında hilafet ya da imamet denilen dini ve siyasi otoritenin nasıl ortayaçıktığı ele alınmıştır. Dinin temel kaynakları olanayet ve hadislerde İslam Devlet Başkanı’nın seçilmesine dair tafsilli bir model olmadığını görmekteyiz. Sahabeler arasında bilhassa ilk dörtHalifenin durumu dikkate alındığında Hz. EbuBekir dar bir Meclis tarafından seçilmiştir. Hz.Ömer ise Hz. Ebubekir tarafından vasiyetle gelmiştir. Hz. Ömer arkasında bir heyet bırakmıştır. Hz. Osman bu heyet tarafından seçilmiştir.Hz. Ali ise Hz. Osman’ın şehid edilmesindensonra Hariciler tarafından oluşturulan terör vekaos ortamının acilen bertaraf edilmesi maksadıyla bilhassa ekabirden sahabelerin telkin veteşvikiyle Medine ahalisi tarafından seçilmiştir.Neticede ilk dört halife yapısal olarak farklı yöntemlerle başa gelmiştir. Bu şekilsel farklılıklarlaberaber hilafetin ruhunu teşkil eden unsurlardikkate alındığında demokratik bir hilafet tasavvurunun mümkün olduğuna inanmaktayız.Etnik ve mezhepsel farklılıkların temel hak veözgürlükler kapsamında değerlendirildiği veİslam ülkelerinin egemenlik anlayışlarına halel vermeyecek şekilde İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatıİslam Siyasal Birliğine dönüştürülebilir. İşte bumakalemizde İslam devlet yönetiminin ruhunuteşkil eden adalet, emanet, ehliyet,şûra, biat veiçtihad kavramları çerçevesinde Demokratik Hilafet’in yeniden tasavvuru ele alınacaktır.
In this study, imamet or caliphate as named by Ummeth that emerged as an authority of politics and religion after the death of Prophet Muhammed has been elaborated. A model about determining an Islamic state president cannot be confronted in the sacred resources including Quran and Hadith. Considering the first four caliphates, Ebu Bekir was elected by an assembly of a restricted number people. Moreover, Omar was appointed by Ebubekir as a heir to the throne. Before his death, he left a committee to elect a caliphate. Osman was elected by the committee. Following the assassination of Osman by Haricii groups, Ali was elected by companions comprised of the well known residents of the city of Medine to prevent chaos and terrorist results. As a result, the first four caliphates came to throne with different methods. I think it is possible to construct a democratic caliphate considering the main elements of spirit of caliphate based on the different experiences of the first four caliphates. By accepting ethnic and sectarian differences as basic rights and freedoms and not intervening sovereignties of Islamic countries, The Organization of Islamic Cooperation may be transformed Islamic political union. That is why reconstructing a democratic caliphate was analyzed in this paper by reference to the concepts of justice, trust, merit, şura (council), biat (allegiance), içtihad (Islamic Jurisprudence) and bid’a (innovation) consisting of fundamental elements of Islamic state government.
In this study, imamet or caliphate as named by Ummeth that emerged as an authority of politics and religion after the death of Prophet Muhammed has been elaborated. A model about determining an Islamic state president cannot be confronted in the sacred resources including Quran and Hadith. Considering the first four caliphates, Ebu Bekir was elected by an assembly of a restricted number people. Moreover, Omar was appointed by Ebubekir as a heir to the throne. Before his death, he left a committee to elect a caliphate. Osman was elected by the committee. Following the assassination of Osman by Haricii groups, Ali was elected by companions comprised of the well known residents of the city of Medine to prevent chaos and terrorist results. As a result, the first four caliphates came to throne with different methods. I think it is possible to construct a democratic caliphate considering the main elements of spirit of caliphate based on the different experiences of the first four caliphates. By accepting ethnic and sectarian differences as basic rights and freedoms and not intervening sovereignties of Islamic countries, The Organization of Islamic Cooperation may be transformed Islamic political union. That is why reconstructing a democratic caliphate was analyzed in this paper by reference to the concepts of justice, trust, merit, şura (council), biat (allegiance), içtihad (Islamic Jurisprudence) and bid’a (innovation) consisting of fundamental elements of Islamic state government.