Publication: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ne demiryolları ve petrol ilişkisi özelinde Amerikan sermayesi (1830-1938)
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı; 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda başlatılan ulaştırma ve altyapı politikalarındaki yabancı sermaye payı ve özellikle Amerikan sermayesi payını incelemek ve tartışmaktır. Tezde 1830-1938 dönemi sınır kabul edilerek, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda faaliyet gösteren demiryolu, maden ve petrol şirketlerindeki yabancı sermaye payı ve bu şirketlerin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk on beş yıllık döneminde ekonomide bulunma şekilleri, Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinin tarihsel arka planı da göz önünde tutularak tartışılmıştır. İktisat literatüründe Chester Projesi veya Chester İmtiyazı ismiyle tanınan Şarkî Anadolu Demiryolu Projesi; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son döneminde Meclis-i Mebusan'da çeşitli tartışmalara yol açan; fakat farklı iktisadi ve siyasi sebepler yüzünden kabul edilmeyen; Lozan Antlaşması'na ara verilen dönemde ise Ankara Hükümeti tarafından onaylanan; fakat benzer sebeplerle hayata geçirilememiş olan geniş kapsamlı bir demiryolu ve kalkınma projesidir. Chester Projesi'nin, hem Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son dönemi hem Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk döneminde üzerinde çokça konuşulan bir proje olmasına rağmen gerçekleşmemiş oluşuna dair çok çeşitli görüşler ileri sürülmüştür. Chester Projesi’nin tarihi, iktisadi ve siyasi pek çok tartışmayı da içinde barındırmaktadır. Proje, hem petrol kaynaklarına erişim mücadelesi hem de Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerini içeren bir kesişim noktasında durmaktadır. Bu sebeplerle, bu çalışmada Chester Demiryolu Projesi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu-ABD ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti-ABD iktisadi ilişkileri bağlamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise; 1923-1938 yılları arasında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde ulaştırma ve altyapı alanında yabancı sermayenin bulunma şekillerine yapılan eleştiriler yer almaktadır.
The aim of this study is, to examine and discuss the share of foreign capital and especially the share of American capital in the transportation and infrastructure policies initiated in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The thesis accepted the 1830-1938 period as a border and discussed the share of foreign capital in railway, mining and oil companies operating in the Ottoman Empire and the way these companies were present in the economy during the first fifteen years of the Republic of Turkey, taking into account the historical background of Turkish-American relations. The Eastern Anatolian Railway Project, known as the Chester Project or Chester Concession in the economic literature; in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, which caused various debates in the Meclis-i Mebusan; but not accepted due to different economic and political reasons; in the period when the Treaty of Lausanne was suspended, it was approved by the Ankara Government; but it is a comprehensive railway and development project that could not be realized due to similar reasons. Although the Chester Project was a much talked about project in both the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first period of the Turkish Republic, various opinions have been put forward as to the fact that it was not realized. The history of the Chester Project includes many economic and political debates. The Project stands at an intersection that includes both the struggle for access to oil resources and Turkish-American relations. For these reasons, Chester Railway Project, Ottoman Empire-the U.S.A. and the Republic of Turkey-the U.S.A. analyzed in the context of economic relations, in this study. In the last part of the study; between 1923 and 1938, there was criticism of the way foreign capital was found in the field of transport and infrastructure in the Republic of Turkey.
The aim of this study is, to examine and discuss the share of foreign capital and especially the share of American capital in the transportation and infrastructure policies initiated in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The thesis accepted the 1830-1938 period as a border and discussed the share of foreign capital in railway, mining and oil companies operating in the Ottoman Empire and the way these companies were present in the economy during the first fifteen years of the Republic of Turkey, taking into account the historical background of Turkish-American relations. The Eastern Anatolian Railway Project, known as the Chester Project or Chester Concession in the economic literature; in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, which caused various debates in the Meclis-i Mebusan; but not accepted due to different economic and political reasons; in the period when the Treaty of Lausanne was suspended, it was approved by the Ankara Government; but it is a comprehensive railway and development project that could not be realized due to similar reasons. Although the Chester Project was a much talked about project in both the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first period of the Turkish Republic, various opinions have been put forward as to the fact that it was not realized. The history of the Chester Project includes many economic and political debates. The Project stands at an intersection that includes both the struggle for access to oil resources and Turkish-American relations. For these reasons, Chester Railway Project, Ottoman Empire-the U.S.A. and the Republic of Turkey-the U.S.A. analyzed in the context of economic relations, in this study. In the last part of the study; between 1923 and 1938, there was criticism of the way foreign capital was found in the field of transport and infrastructure in the Republic of Turkey.