Publication: Sinemada dijitalleşme ve gerçekliğin yeniden inşası: Titanik (1997 ve 2012)
Abstract
Sinemada ilk dijital temelli görsel efektler 1970’lerin başlarından itibaren kullanılmasına rağmen George Lucas’ın Star Wars serisi (Yıldız Savaşları) ve James Cameron’un The Abbys (1989) filmleri ve sonrasında yoğun olarak birçok filmde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Görsel efektler (VFX) ve bilgisayarda oluşturulmuş dijital görüntüler (CGI) popüler sinemanın ilgisini çeker. 1975’te George Lucas tarafından kurulan ILM (Industrial Light and Magic) isimli firma, bilgisayar destekli (dijital) görsel efekt ve animasyon alanında kurulan ilk firma olmuştur. George Lucas’a ait Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm IV: Yeni Bir Umut (Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, 1977) filminde dijital olanaklar ile kamera hareketleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu filmin ardından sinemada dijital teknolojilerin kullanılması artmaya başlamıştır. Sinemada kullanılan dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesiyle özel efektler azalarak yerini dijital efektlere bırakmıştır. Dijital teknolojilerin gösterdiği gelişime paralel bir şekilde her geçen gün film ile animasyon arasındaki çizgi kaybolmaktadır. Fiziksel gerçekliğe ait görüntüler ile nesne, mekân veya karakter modellerinin fiziksel ve dijital efektler yardımıyla sinema filmlerine eklenmesi, sinemanın gerçeklik yanılsamasını güçlendirmektedir. Günümüz teknolojileri aracılığıyla üretilen dijital efektler, kaydedilmiş fiziksel gerçekliğe ait görüntülerden ayrıştırılamaz duruma gelmiştir. Böylece, artık fiziksel gerçeklik ile hiper gerçeklik arasındaki ayrım da bulanıklaşmaktadır.
Although the first digital-based visual effects have been used in cinema since the early 1970s, they have been used extensively in George Lucas’s Star Wars series and James Cameron's The Abbys (1989) movies and later. Visual effects (VFX) and computer-generated digital images (CGI) draw the attention of popular cinema. ILM (Industrial Light and Magic), founded by George Lucas in 1975, was the first company to be established in the field of computer aided (digital) visual effects and animation. In George Lucas' movie Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope (1977), camera movements were made with digital possibilities. After this film, the use of digital technologies in cinema began to increase. With the development of digital technologies used in cinema, special effects have decreased and left their place to digital effects. Parallel to the development of digital technologies, the line between film and animation is disappearing day by day. Adding images of physical reality and models of objects, places or characters to motion pictures with the help of physical and digital effects strengthens the illusion of reality in cinema. Digital effects produced by today's technologies have become indistinguishable from recorded physical reality images. Thus, the distinction between physical reality and hyperreality is now blurred.
Although the first digital-based visual effects have been used in cinema since the early 1970s, they have been used extensively in George Lucas’s Star Wars series and James Cameron's The Abbys (1989) movies and later. Visual effects (VFX) and computer-generated digital images (CGI) draw the attention of popular cinema. ILM (Industrial Light and Magic), founded by George Lucas in 1975, was the first company to be established in the field of computer aided (digital) visual effects and animation. In George Lucas' movie Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope (1977), camera movements were made with digital possibilities. After this film, the use of digital technologies in cinema began to increase. With the development of digital technologies used in cinema, special effects have decreased and left their place to digital effects. Parallel to the development of digital technologies, the line between film and animation is disappearing day by day. Adding images of physical reality and models of objects, places or characters to motion pictures with the help of physical and digital effects strengthens the illusion of reality in cinema. Digital effects produced by today's technologies have become indistinguishable from recorded physical reality images. Thus, the distinction between physical reality and hyperreality is now blurred.
Description
Keywords
Aesthetics, Audio and Visual Effects, Digital cinematography, Dijital film çekme tekniği, Dijital Sinema, Dijitalleşme ile Gerçeklik, Estetik, Görsel ve İşitsel Efektler Digital Cinema, Motion picture industry, Motion pictures, Reality in Cinema, Reality with Digitization, Sinema, Sinema endüstrisi, Sinemada Gerçeklik, Technological innovations, Teknolojik yenilikler
