Publication: Romanda bir kent imgesi olarak Ankara (1920-1955)
Abstract
Tarihsel gelişim süreci içinde gerek jeopolitik konumu, gerek siyasî ve ticarî hayatıyla her dönemde önemli bir kent olmayı sürdüren Ankara, 1923’te başkent olmasının ardından Türkiye’de yaşanan sosyal, kültürel ve siyasî dönüşümün temsilî mekânı haline gelmiş; yeni kurulan devletin modernleşme sürecinde şehir plâncılığının ve ulusal mimarînin de ilk uygulama alanı olmuştur. Ankara'nın 1920'lerde başlayan bu dönüşümü, toplumsal hayatın bir yansıma alanı olan romanlarda da yankısını bulmuş; kentin yaşantısı, fiziksel ve düşünsel bağlamda geçirdiği dönüşüm ve bu süreçte ortaya çıkan sorunsallar, dönemin önde gelen edebiyatçıları tarafından kaleme alınan romanlar aracılığıyla da dile getirilmiştir. Bilhassa 1920-1955 yılları arasında yazılan metinlerde söz konusu kentsel dönüşüme dair anlatıların kendini yoğun bir biçimde hissettirmesi sebebiyle, Ankara'nın başkent olma süreci ve sonrasında toplumun çeşitli unsurları tarafından nasıl algılandığı, bu dönem yazarlarının gözlem ve dikkatleri çerçevesinde açıklık kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, mekâna ve kente dair kavramlara, bunların niteliklerine ve işlevlerine yer verilerek Ankara’nın tarihsel süreçteki değişimi ve dönüşümü irdelenmiş ve şehir, imgenin kuramsal karşılığı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kent imgesini oluşturan unsurların dönem romanlarına yansımaları çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Mekân, Kent, İmge, Başkent, Ankara, Cumhuriyet Romanı, Millî Mücadele, Modernleşme, Mimarî.
Ankara, which maintains to be an important city because of both its geopolitical position and political and commercial life during the historical development process, becomes the representative place of social, cultural and political transformation of Turkey subsequent to its being capital; and it also became the first application area of city planning and national architecture of the newly founded state in the modernization process. The transformation of Ankara starting in 1920s, made a tremendous impact on novels as a reflection of public life; the life of the city, the change of physical and intellectual context and the problematic issues faced by during this period are expressed by the novels written by the leading authors of the era. Since the narratives regarding the aforementioned urban transformation made itself intensively evident in the novels especially written between the years of 1920 and 1955; the observation and attention of the authors have clarified the perception of the various components of the society during and after being the capital. In this study, the alteration and transformation of Ankara has been examined including the concepts of space and city together with their characteristics and functions; and the city has been analysed by the notional approach of the image. The reflections of the components of the city as an image on the period novels constitute the focus of this work. Space, City, Image, Capital, Ankara, Republic of the Novel, The National Struggle, Modernization and Architecture.
Ankara, which maintains to be an important city because of both its geopolitical position and political and commercial life during the historical development process, becomes the representative place of social, cultural and political transformation of Turkey subsequent to its being capital; and it also became the first application area of city planning and national architecture of the newly founded state in the modernization process. The transformation of Ankara starting in 1920s, made a tremendous impact on novels as a reflection of public life; the life of the city, the change of physical and intellectual context and the problematic issues faced by during this period are expressed by the novels written by the leading authors of the era. Since the narratives regarding the aforementioned urban transformation made itself intensively evident in the novels especially written between the years of 1920 and 1955; the observation and attention of the authors have clarified the perception of the various components of the society during and after being the capital. In this study, the alteration and transformation of Ankara has been examined including the concepts of space and city together with their characteristics and functions; and the city has been analysed by the notional approach of the image. The reflections of the components of the city as an image on the period novels constitute the focus of this work. Space, City, Image, Capital, Ankara, Republic of the Novel, The National Struggle, Modernization and Architecture.