Publication: Üsküdar’ a ait h.1178-1179 tarihli şer’iyye sicil defteri
Abstract
İstanbul Müftülüğü Şer'iyye Sicilleri Arşivinde bulunan ve hicri Gurre-i Rebîulâhir 1178 - Selh-i Rebîulevvel 1179 (milâdî 28 Eylül 1764 - 16 Eylül 1765) tarihlerine ait Üsküdar Şer'iyye Sicili'nin değerlendirme ve taranskribesinden ibaret olan bu çalışma; giriş ve değerlendirme, transkeribe ve indeksden oluşmaktadır. Girişte; İslam'ın ilk yıllarından Osmanlı Devleti'nin sonuna ve hatta Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar Şer'î mahkemelerin durumu hakkında verilmiş, kadıların görev ve yetkileri anlatılmış, Türkiye'deki Şer'iyye Sicillerinin durumu hakkında malumat verilmiş, Türkiye'de Şer'iyye sicillerine dayalı olarak yapılan çalışmalar anlatılmış, son olarak da üzerinde çalışma yapılan defter hakkında geniş bir yorum yapılmıştır. Defterin transkribe bölümünde ise; bütün maruzlara müteselsil numaralar verilmiş, ve bu numaralara göre maruzlar transkribe edilmiştir. Transkribede basit transkripsiyon metodu uygulanmış, yani sadece ayın ve hemze harfleri belirtilmiş, uzatma işaretleri kullanılmış, gayın ve kaf harfinden sonra gelen uzatma işaretlerinde sesli harflerin üzerine şapka yerine çizgi konulmuştur. Transkribeden sonra gelen bölümde ise, geniş bir bibliyografya verilmiş ve nihayet analitik bir indeksle çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Defter'de ki konuların incelenmesi esnasında, mahalle halkının huzurunu bozanlar, hırsızlık, gasp, adam yaralama, öldürme, vs. adi olayların geniş yer tuttuğu görülmüştür. Alış veriş, ev, arsa, mülk, satışları vs. konularla ilgili maruzların çokluğuna bakılırsa o dönemde Üsküdar'ın nasıl önemli bir ticaret merkezi olduğu hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak mümkündür. Esnaf teşekkülleri arasında çıkan anlaşmazlıklar, gümrükten çıkan malların halka ve esnafa dağıtılması, şahitlerin tezkiyesi, kocasından boşanan kadınlara nafaka takdiri, yetimlere nafaka bağlanması, miras paylaşımı vs. konuların hepsi kadı huzurunda yapılmıştır.
This study which consists of an appraisal and the transcriptions of the canonical court register of Üsküdar (Scutari) between the first half of Rebîulahîr (1178) and the second half of Rebîulevvel (1179) hegira calendar, (Christian era A. D September 28, 1764 - September 16, 1765) which are kept in the office of the mufti of Istanbul includes an appraisal and the transcription of the said register with an introduction and an index. In the introduction, beginning with the early years of the apparition of Islam till the last years of the Ottoman Empire and even up to the commencement of the Rebuplic of Turkey, general information had been given about the situation of the canonical courts, the duties and competence of the cadis (Judge of Islamic canonical court) and the state of the canonical registers. Finally a lenghty commentary on the studied register had been also carried out. In the transcribed part of the register serial numbers had been given to each submitted petition and its transcription had been made accordingly. The transcription method used is a simple one, id est only the hemze (sign marking a hiatus) and the ayn (the letter a sounded gutturaly) had been emphasized. The medde (Arabic sign marking the lenghtning of the letter) being also used. On the hand, the medde used following the letters gayn and kaf is indicated instead of circumflex sign by a dash. Following the transcribed part, a detailed bibliography and an analytic index, ends the present study. While examining the different subjects treated in the register one come across of many troublemakers disturbing the district's people and breaking the law, of many thieves, usurpers, guilties of wounding, murderers and violators of the law. When one looks at the large activity of buying and selling which are the subjects of the petitions in the registers one may arrive at the conclusion that Üsküdar was at that time an important center of business, the litigations between tradesmen guilds, the distribution of imported goods at the customhouse; the clearing of witnesses, the fixation of alimonies for divored women, the appropriation of maintenance allowance for orphans, the partition of inheritances etc... all these actions are brought before the cadis.
This study which consists of an appraisal and the transcriptions of the canonical court register of Üsküdar (Scutari) between the first half of Rebîulahîr (1178) and the second half of Rebîulevvel (1179) hegira calendar, (Christian era A. D September 28, 1764 - September 16, 1765) which are kept in the office of the mufti of Istanbul includes an appraisal and the transcription of the said register with an introduction and an index. In the introduction, beginning with the early years of the apparition of Islam till the last years of the Ottoman Empire and even up to the commencement of the Rebuplic of Turkey, general information had been given about the situation of the canonical courts, the duties and competence of the cadis (Judge of Islamic canonical court) and the state of the canonical registers. Finally a lenghty commentary on the studied register had been also carried out. In the transcribed part of the register serial numbers had been given to each submitted petition and its transcription had been made accordingly. The transcription method used is a simple one, id est only the hemze (sign marking a hiatus) and the ayn (the letter a sounded gutturaly) had been emphasized. The medde (Arabic sign marking the lenghtning of the letter) being also used. On the hand, the medde used following the letters gayn and kaf is indicated instead of circumflex sign by a dash. Following the transcribed part, a detailed bibliography and an analytic index, ends the present study. While examining the different subjects treated in the register one come across of many troublemakers disturbing the district's people and breaking the law, of many thieves, usurpers, guilties of wounding, murderers and violators of the law. When one looks at the large activity of buying and selling which are the subjects of the petitions in the registers one may arrive at the conclusion that Üsküdar was at that time an important center of business, the litigations between tradesmen guilds, the distribution of imported goods at the customhouse; the clearing of witnesses, the fixation of alimonies for divored women, the appropriation of maintenance allowance for orphans, the partition of inheritances etc... all these actions are brought before the cadis.