Publication: Sanayi-i Nefise’nin menşeileri estetik kavramlar ve terminolojik inceleme
Abstract
Yrjö Hirn'e ait incelediğimiz eserde sanatın toplum içindeki psikoloji ve sosyolojiye dayanan fonksiyonu, objektif bir şekilde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır; bu inceleme yapılırken biraz daha geriye giderek ilkel insanlardan yaşantılar ortaya konulmuştur. Sanat ve sanat eseri hakkında çeşitli sorulara cevap aranırken, Baumgarten, Groos, Guyeau, Spencer, Darwin, Kant, Aristo, Hegel gibi isimlerin bu alandaki görüşlerine ve araştırmalarına da başvurulmuştur. Sanat, hemen hemen bütün toplumlarda bireyleri birleştirip kaynaştıran, birbirlerine karşı ölçülü, anlayışlı davranmalarını sağlayan bir işlev görür. Sanat, yalnızca en coşkun tutku anlarını ifade etmekle kalmaz, farklı duygular ve farklı düşünceler de sanatta canlanır. Sanat eserinin ortaya konulmasında insan psikolojisinin önemli rolü vardır; korku, neşe, heyecan gibi birçok hissin sanat eseri üzerinde rolü vardır. Sanat hamlesi, bilgi vermek, karşı cinsin dikkatini çekmek gibi ana maksatlara dayanarak açıklanabilir. Sanata hangi noktadan bakarsak bakalım özünü his ile açıklamak gerekir. Sanâyi'-i nefise, sanat tarihi, sanat eseri, sanat felsefesi, sanatkâr, estetik(hikmet-i bedây-i) gibi kavramlar ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Sanatın mahiyetini inceleyen felsefe sanat felsefesi olarak adlandırılırken sanatın mahiyetinden bahseden ilim estetik(hikmet-i bedayi) olarak adlandırılmakta ve doğaya ilişkin estetik tecrübeyi dışta bırakırken sanat felsefesi, estetikten daha dar bir alanı kapsar.
The function of art within psychology and sociology, is studied objectively in this work which belongs to Yrjö Hirn. This study is done, by going back to lives of primitive people. In the meantime, when searching for the answers about art and the work of art, the opinions and researches of people such as, Baumgarten, Groos, Guyeau, Spencer, Darwin, Kant, Aristo, Hegel. Art, plays a role to unite ındividuals and make them behave moderate and, intelligent to each other. Art, not only expresses the instants of the strongest passion, but also various emotions and different ideas are refreshed within art. Human psychology plays an important role, while creating the work of art; Fear, joy, excitement have an important role on the work of art. The aim of art can be explained as informing and from which point we see art, we must define it as the result of emotions. The concepts of fine arts, history of art, the work of art, philosophy of art, the artist are studied. The philosophy which studies the content of art is called the philosophy of art, the science which tells about the content of art is called esthetic, and the philosophy of art, comprises a narrower area than esthetic in art.
The function of art within psychology and sociology, is studied objectively in this work which belongs to Yrjö Hirn. This study is done, by going back to lives of primitive people. In the meantime, when searching for the answers about art and the work of art, the opinions and researches of people such as, Baumgarten, Groos, Guyeau, Spencer, Darwin, Kant, Aristo, Hegel. Art, plays a role to unite ındividuals and make them behave moderate and, intelligent to each other. Art, not only expresses the instants of the strongest passion, but also various emotions and different ideas are refreshed within art. Human psychology plays an important role, while creating the work of art; Fear, joy, excitement have an important role on the work of art. The aim of art can be explained as informing and from which point we see art, we must define it as the result of emotions. The concepts of fine arts, history of art, the work of art, philosophy of art, the artist are studied. The philosophy which studies the content of art is called the philosophy of art, the science which tells about the content of art is called esthetic, and the philosophy of art, comprises a narrower area than esthetic in art.