Publication: Önceki hukukumuzda vakfa müdahale kavramı : 18. yy. Kudüs örneği
Abstract
Vakıf hukuku sistemi, her yönüyle vakfın varlığının ve işleyişinin ebedi şekilde devam etmesi amacı üzerine bina edilmiştir. Bu amacın gerçekleşmesi, yalnızca vakfın hukuki yahut maddi varlığına yönelen her türlü müdahalenin engellenmesi ile mümkün olabilir. Ancak vakıf kurumu, az veya çok miktarda maddi varlığı idare eden ve mahiyeti gereği birçok kişinin farklı şekillerde menfaat sağlamasına olanak tanıyan bir oluşum olarak her dönemde müdahalelerin hedefi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı hukuk pratiğinde son derece geniş bir yer işgal eden, bununla beraber teorik düzlemde müstakil olarak incelenmemiş olan vakfa müdahale kavramı, hem şer’i hükümleri içeren fıkıh literatürü, hem fetva mecmuaları, hem de mühimme defterleri ile ahkam-ı şikayet defterleri detaylı şekilde incelenerek her iki yönüyle de anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın iki temel hedefi bulunmaktadır: i) Vakfa müdahale fiilinin unsurlarının, bu fiilin haksız fiil kimliği ekseninde hukuki analizinin yapılması. ii) Vakfa müdahale fiillerinin olası faillerinin ve gerçekleştirilme şekillerinin tespit edilerek söz konusu haksız fiilin Osmanlı hukuk pratiğindeki görünümlerinin örneklendirilmesi.
The legal framework of the waqf system, in every aspect, is built upon the purpose of the continuing existence and functioning of the waqf. Achieving this purpose may only be possible by preventing any and all kind of intervention in the legal or material existence of the waqf. However, as an entity that manages a small or large amount of financial assets and that it allows many people to benefit in different ways by its very nature, the waqf institution has been subject to interventions in every period. In this study, the concept of intervention in the waqf which occupies a very large space in the Ottoman legal practice but has not been examined independently on the theoretical level is attempted to be understood in both practice and theory by examining the relevant both fiqh literature containing Shari'ah provisions, both fatwa journals, and muhimme and verdicts-complaints registers. The study has the following two main objectives that: i) to make a legal analysis of the elements of the act of intervention in the waqf on the axis of tort structure of this act. ii) to exemplify the views of the previously mentioned tort in the Ottoman legal practice by identifying the possible perpetrators and their realization methods of the acts of intervention in the waqf.
The legal framework of the waqf system, in every aspect, is built upon the purpose of the continuing existence and functioning of the waqf. Achieving this purpose may only be possible by preventing any and all kind of intervention in the legal or material existence of the waqf. However, as an entity that manages a small or large amount of financial assets and that it allows many people to benefit in different ways by its very nature, the waqf institution has been subject to interventions in every period. In this study, the concept of intervention in the waqf which occupies a very large space in the Ottoman legal practice but has not been examined independently on the theoretical level is attempted to be understood in both practice and theory by examining the relevant both fiqh literature containing Shari'ah provisions, both fatwa journals, and muhimme and verdicts-complaints registers. The study has the following two main objectives that: i) to make a legal analysis of the elements of the act of intervention in the waqf on the axis of tort structure of this act. ii) to exemplify the views of the previously mentioned tort in the Ottoman legal practice by identifying the possible perpetrators and their realization methods of the acts of intervention in the waqf.