Publication: Türkiye’de küçük üreticilik ve küçük üreticiliğin uluslararasılaşması : Antalya Kumluca seracılık örneği
Abstract
Dünya’da da yükselen bir tarımsal form olan seracılık Türkiye’de 1940’lı yıllarda başlamıştır. 1960’lı yıllarda plastiğin örtü malzemesi olarak kullanılmasıyla seracılık faaliyetleri oldukça gelişmiş ve ticarileşmiştir. Kapitalist ilişkilerin tarımsal alanda da gelişmesiyle “köylülük” küçük meta üreticiliğine evrilmiş, küçük meta üreticiliğinden ise kapitalist çiftçiliğe geçiş başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki en belirgin kapitalist çiftçilik örneklerinden olan seracılık tarımsal faaliyetinin köylülük-küçük meta üreticiliğinden-kapitalist çiftçiliğe geçip uluslar arası pazarla bütünleşmesini konu almaktadır. Bu bütünleşme köylülüğün tasfiyesi, işçileşme ve mülksüzleşme gibi sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Bu değişimler tarımsal kesimde yaşan insanların sınıfsal pozisyonlarının farklılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Kapitalist ilişkilerin tarımsal alanda gelişmesinin sonuçları olarak gösterebileceğimiz bu farklılaşma, Türkiye’de 1990 sonrası gibi yakın bir zaman diliminde başlamıştır. Ancak bu farklılaşmanın ve kapitalist çiftçiliğin Türkiye’de de hızla ilerleyeceği ve genişleyeceği öngörülmektedir.
Greenhouse cultivation, rapidly rising agrarian method in the world, has been utilised at 1940s in Turkey. With the usage of plastic as a coverage material, greenhouse activities has substantially improved and commercialized. As a result of the diffusion of capitalist relations to agricultural sector, peasant has transformed into small commodity producer and then capitalist farmer. The aim of this study is to analyse this transition in Turkey. The greenhouse activity is the most obvious pattern of capitalist farming in Turkey. So that in this study, the peasantry -> small commodity producing –> capitalist farming transition in greenhouse activities and the integration with the international market are discussed. This integration led to various results like dissolution of peasantry, labourisation and expropriation. In consequence, the class composition of the rural people has changed. This differentiation can be considered as a result of the diffusion of capitalist relations in agriculture. This was happened by 1990s in Turkey. However it is set forth that, this differentiation and capitalist farming will rapidly grow and expand in Turkey.
Greenhouse cultivation, rapidly rising agrarian method in the world, has been utilised at 1940s in Turkey. With the usage of plastic as a coverage material, greenhouse activities has substantially improved and commercialized. As a result of the diffusion of capitalist relations to agricultural sector, peasant has transformed into small commodity producer and then capitalist farmer. The aim of this study is to analyse this transition in Turkey. The greenhouse activity is the most obvious pattern of capitalist farming in Turkey. So that in this study, the peasantry -> small commodity producing –> capitalist farming transition in greenhouse activities and the integration with the international market are discussed. This integration led to various results like dissolution of peasantry, labourisation and expropriation. In consequence, the class composition of the rural people has changed. This differentiation can be considered as a result of the diffusion of capitalist relations in agriculture. This was happened by 1990s in Turkey. However it is set forth that, this differentiation and capitalist farming will rapidly grow and expand in Turkey.