Publication: Avrupa Birliği rekabet hukuku ile karşılaştırmalı olarak Türk rekabet hukukunda birleşme ve devralma sayılan haller ve izne tabi birleşme veya devralmaların değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Avrupa Birliği Rekabet Hukuku İle Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Türk Rekabet Hukukunda Birleşme ve Devralma Sayılan Haller ve Izne Tabı Birleşme veya Devralmaların Değerlendirilmesi Piyasa ekonomisinin dayandığı serbest rekabet ilkesi, piyasalarda faaliyet gösteren teşebbüsler arasındaki rekabetin herhangi bir sınırlama veya müdahale ile karşılaşmaksızın, serbestçe gelişmesini sağlayacak bir ortamın kurulmasını ve korunmasını gerektirir. Rekabet sınırlamalarının temelinde yatan ekonomik merkezi yoğunlaşmanın en belirgin şekli teşebbüsler arasındaki birleşme ve devralma (konsantrasyon) halleridir. Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun m.7 ve Rekabet Kurulundan İzin Alınması Gereken Birleşme ve Devralmalar Hakkında 1997/ 1 sayılı Tebliğ m.2'ye göre, birleşme ve devralma (konsantrasyon) sayılan haller, birbirinden bağımsız iki veya daha fazla teşebbüsün gerek hukuki gerekse ekonomik anlamda bağımsızlıklarını yitirmek ve tek bir ekonomik ve hukuki birim oluşturmak üzere birleşmeleri, bir veya daha fazla teşebbüsün tek başına veya birlikte bir başka teşebbüsün yönetimi üzerinde belirleyici etki uygulama imkanı anlamında her türlü hukuki veya fiili araçlarla kontrolün devralınması ve kontrolün ortaklaşa elde edildiği özel bir hal olan yoğunlaşma yaratıcı bir ortak girişim kurulmasıdır. Nitelik itibariyle birleşme veya devralma sayılan ve belirli ciro veya pazar paylarını aşamaları nedeniyle Rekabet Kurulu'nun idari nitelikteki iznine tabi olan birleşme ve devralmaların değerlendilmesinde taraf teşebbüslerin ilgili piyasadaki pazar payları, ekonomik ve mali güçleri, fiili ve potansiyel rekabet gibi, bildirim konusu birleşme veya devralmanın gerçekleşmesi halinde piyasadaki rekabet ortamı üzerinde yaratacağı etkileri önceden belirlemeye yardımcı olan iktisadi kriterler uygulanmaktadır. Hakim durum yaratan veya hakim durumu güçlendirmeye yönelik olarak ilgili mal veya piyasasındaki rekabetin önemli ölçüde azalması sonucunu doğurabilecek birleşme ve devralmalar hukuka aykırı kabul edilerek, izin verilmez.
Transactions Qualified As Mergers and Acquisitions and the Evaluation of Such Mergers and Acquisitions Under The Turkish Competition Law and in Comparison With European Community Competition Law. The principle of free competition which free enterprise economies are based on, requires the existence and protection of a market structure wherein competition between enterprises can exist and develop free of any restrictions and interventions. The most conspicuous appearance of concentration of economic power which leads to restrictions of competition are mergers and acquisitions (concentrations) between enterprises. Due to Article 7 of the Law of Protection of Competition and Article 2 of the Note No. 1997/ 1 on Mergers And Acquisitions Subject To The Permission of the Competition Board, transactions qualified as mergers and acquisitions are as follows: the merger of two or more independent enterprises by loosing their legal and economic independence and forming a new legal and economic unit; the acquisition of control by two or more enterprises solely or jointly getting hold of any kind of legal or actual tools granting influence on the management of an other enterprise; the establishment of a concentrative joint-ventures as a special form of acquiring joint control. Mergers and acquisitions which are qualified as concentration in the frame of the said articles and which- due to quantitative criterions- are subject to the permission of the Competition Board are evaluated with the help of some economic criterions such as market share, economic and financial power of the parties, actual and potential competition in the relevant market etc., in order to estimate the possible effects of the planned merger or acquisition transaction on the competition structure of the relevant market. Mergers and acquisitions which decrease the competition on the relevant market and create or strengthen dominant position are regarded as contradiction to law and will not be permitted.
Transactions Qualified As Mergers and Acquisitions and the Evaluation of Such Mergers and Acquisitions Under The Turkish Competition Law and in Comparison With European Community Competition Law. The principle of free competition which free enterprise economies are based on, requires the existence and protection of a market structure wherein competition between enterprises can exist and develop free of any restrictions and interventions. The most conspicuous appearance of concentration of economic power which leads to restrictions of competition are mergers and acquisitions (concentrations) between enterprises. Due to Article 7 of the Law of Protection of Competition and Article 2 of the Note No. 1997/ 1 on Mergers And Acquisitions Subject To The Permission of the Competition Board, transactions qualified as mergers and acquisitions are as follows: the merger of two or more independent enterprises by loosing their legal and economic independence and forming a new legal and economic unit; the acquisition of control by two or more enterprises solely or jointly getting hold of any kind of legal or actual tools granting influence on the management of an other enterprise; the establishment of a concentrative joint-ventures as a special form of acquiring joint control. Mergers and acquisitions which are qualified as concentration in the frame of the said articles and which- due to quantitative criterions- are subject to the permission of the Competition Board are evaluated with the help of some economic criterions such as market share, economic and financial power of the parties, actual and potential competition in the relevant market etc., in order to estimate the possible effects of the planned merger or acquisition transaction on the competition structure of the relevant market. Mergers and acquisitions which decrease the competition on the relevant market and create or strengthen dominant position are regarded as contradiction to law and will not be permitted.