Publication: Türk medya sektöründe yabancı yatırımlar ve televizyon alanında bir örnek olay çalışması
Abstract
TÜRK MEDYA SEKTÖRÜNDE YABANCI YATIRIMLAR VE TELEVİZYON ALANINDA BİR ÖRNEK OLAY ÇALIŞMASI Medya, küreselleşme sürecinde en hızlı değişim ve dönüşüm geçiren sektörlerin başını çekmiştir. Bu hızlı değişim ve dönüşümde, küreselleşme ve teknik ilerlemelerin etkisi büyük olmuştur. Hızlı değişim ve dönüşüm beraberinde yabancı medya sahipliği eğilimlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Medyaya yabancı yatırımlar yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu yoğunlaşma zamanla sorgulanır hale gelmiştir. Medyaya yabancı yatırımın sebepleri, medya patronlarının diğer sektörlerle ilintisi sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Medyaya yabancı yatırımın arkasındaki asıl sebep siyasidir. Bugün Amerika Birleşik Devletleri medya kuruluşlarına getirilen en büyük eleştiriyi bu kuruluşların Amerikan emperyalizmini yayıyor olduklarıdır. Bu nedenle örneğin Fox TV’nin yayınları Azerbaycan’da durdurulmuş, pek çok ülkede de kuşkuyla bakılır olmuştur. Öte yanda Amerikan medya kuruluşlarının hegemonyası ve kartelleşme eğilimleri devam etmektedir. Medyaya yabancı yatırımı bu kadar cazip kılan; medyanın stratejik önemi, siyasi bir araç olarak kullanılabiliyor olmasıdır. Medya günümüzde dördüncü güç konumundadır. Bu yüzden medyanın yabancıların eline geçmesi sıkça ve yoğun olarak eleştirilmekte, ülkeler bu konuda kendilerini ve yerel kuruluşlarını koruyucu önlemlere başvurabilmektedir. Bu önlemlerden birisini yabancı yatırım ve yatırımcıya sınırlama getirmek oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de bu oran yüzde 25’tir. Radyo Televizyon Üst Kurulu yasamızda bu sınırlama oranı yerini almıştır. Dünyada görülen medya yoğunlaşması, benzer şekilde Türkiye’de de yaşanmıştır. Türkiye’de de büyük medya devleri olmuş, bunlar diğer medya kuruluşlarımız üzerinde baskı oluşturmuşlardır. Bununla birlikte Türk medya sektörünün zaman zaman içine düştüğü ekonomik çıkmazları ve dünya standartlarını yakalayabilme arzusu, Türk medyasına yabancı sermayenin girişini zorunlu kılmıştır. Türk medya kuruluşları uluslararası ortaklıklar kurmak suretiyle, içine düştükleri ekonomik çıkmazlardan kurtulmak istemiş, çareyi bunda bulmuşlardır. Yabancıların Türk medya sektörüne girişi sadece ortaklıklar şeklinde olmamıştır. Satın alma şeklinde uygulamalar da olmuştur. Buna güncel bir örnek Fox TV’nin TGRT’yi satın almasıdır. Yabancı sermaye ve de yabancı medya kuruluşlarının medyamıza girişi, birçok yönden, örneğin yayın kalitelerinin artması ve özellikle de teknoloji alanında Türk medyasını çok geliştirecektir. Bununla birlikte Türkiye’de halen yabancı medya kuruluşlarına kuşku ile bakılmaya devam edilmektedir. Bu korku sadece bize has bir korku değildir, tüm dünyada da aynı endişe ve korkular bulunmaktadır.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE TURKISH MEDIA SECTOR AND A CASE STUDY IN THE TELEVISION FIELD During the globalisation process, media was the leading sector between all rapidly changed and transformed sectors. In that rapid change and transformation, the impacts of globalisation and technical developments were big. Rapid change and transformed was revealed together the propensities to the media ownership. And the foreign investments to the media were become dense. That density was questioned with the time. The reasons of making foreign investments to the media and media owners’ relations with the other sectors were begun to question. In the background, the main reason of making foreign investment to the media is politic. Today, one of the largest critics to the media institutions of the United States of America is that these institutions spread the American imperialism out. Therefore, for instance the broadcasting of Fox TV in the Azerbaijan has been blocked, and in a great many countries has also begun to question. On the other hand, the hegemony and propensity to the cartels of America’s media institutions have been continued. The great reason of making foreign investment to the media is the strategic importance of media and because of it can be in use as a political medium. Nowadays media is the fourth power. For this reason the situation of earned media from foreigners has been often and dense criticised, and in this regard the countries could appeal to measures that protected both themselves and their local institutions. One of these measures is bringing limits to the foreign investment and invertors. In Turkey this rate is 25%. In our Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) Law this rate has been placed. In the world seen media concentration, alike in Turkey has also been lived. In Turkey have founded big media giants too, and they have pressured on the other our institutions. However, of Turkish media sector occasionally exposed economic difficulties and its desire of catching the world standards, these conditions have forced the entry of foreign capital into the Turkish media. By international consociates, the Turkish media institutions have wanted to rescue from its economic difficulties that was their remedy. Of foreigners entry into the Turkish media has not became only with the associate way. Also in the way that acquisitions have been applied. Current an instance to this is the acquisition of TGRT from Fox TV. The entry of foreign capital as well as the foreign media institutions, in many ways will develop the Turkish media well; for instance with the increase in the broadcasting quality and especially in the technology field. However yet in Turkey ongoingnessly is looked to the foreign media institutions with doubt. That fear is not a fear belonging only to us, alike in the entire world there are such worries and fears.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE TURKISH MEDIA SECTOR AND A CASE STUDY IN THE TELEVISION FIELD During the globalisation process, media was the leading sector between all rapidly changed and transformed sectors. In that rapid change and transformation, the impacts of globalisation and technical developments were big. Rapid change and transformed was revealed together the propensities to the media ownership. And the foreign investments to the media were become dense. That density was questioned with the time. The reasons of making foreign investments to the media and media owners’ relations with the other sectors were begun to question. In the background, the main reason of making foreign investment to the media is politic. Today, one of the largest critics to the media institutions of the United States of America is that these institutions spread the American imperialism out. Therefore, for instance the broadcasting of Fox TV in the Azerbaijan has been blocked, and in a great many countries has also begun to question. On the other hand, the hegemony and propensity to the cartels of America’s media institutions have been continued. The great reason of making foreign investment to the media is the strategic importance of media and because of it can be in use as a political medium. Nowadays media is the fourth power. For this reason the situation of earned media from foreigners has been often and dense criticised, and in this regard the countries could appeal to measures that protected both themselves and their local institutions. One of these measures is bringing limits to the foreign investment and invertors. In Turkey this rate is 25%. In our Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) Law this rate has been placed. In the world seen media concentration, alike in Turkey has also been lived. In Turkey have founded big media giants too, and they have pressured on the other our institutions. However, of Turkish media sector occasionally exposed economic difficulties and its desire of catching the world standards, these conditions have forced the entry of foreign capital into the Turkish media. By international consociates, the Turkish media institutions have wanted to rescue from its economic difficulties that was their remedy. Of foreigners entry into the Turkish media has not became only with the associate way. Also in the way that acquisitions have been applied. Current an instance to this is the acquisition of TGRT from Fox TV. The entry of foreign capital as well as the foreign media institutions, in many ways will develop the Turkish media well; for instance with the increase in the broadcasting quality and especially in the technology field. However yet in Turkey ongoingnessly is looked to the foreign media institutions with doubt. That fear is not a fear belonging only to us, alike in the entire world there are such worries and fears.