Publication: Finansal Regülasyonların Finansal Krizler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
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Abstract
Türkiye ekonomisi, Cumhuriyet döneminden itibaren çeşitli dönemlerde krizlere
maruz kalmıştır. Krizlerin ortaya çıkış nedenleri zaman içinde farklılıklar gösterse
de krizlerin oluşumunu açıklamada kullanılan nedenlerin zaman içerisinde ortaya
çıkmış ancak çözümü gerçekleştirilemeyen sorunlardan kaynaklandığı
gözlenmektedir. Finansal krizlerin etkisini gidermek amacıyla çeşitli regülasyon
uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Regülasyon uygulamalarında asıl varılmak istenen hedef
ise toplumsal refahı artırmaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak finansal sektörün
düzenlenmesi ve bu şekilde finansal krizlerin önlenmesine yönelik olarak ihtiyari
regülasyon uygulamaları ve finansal liberalizasyon tercih edilmiştir. Regülasyonun
krizlerden çıkmak için önemli bir rolü olmasının yanında uygulama maliyetinin
artması ve amacına ulaşılamama risklerini de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı Türkiye’de 1980-2021 dönemi arasında yaşanan finansal liberalizasyonların
ve finansal regülasyonların finansal krizler üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır.
Çalışmada, Türkiye’de 1998, 2005 ve 2008 yıllarında yapılan regülasyonların makro değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi görülmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Logit
Modeli yardımıyla regülasyon dönemi sonrasında makro değişkenlerin nasıl
etkilendiği hesaplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu hesaplamada ele alınan değişkenlerin
öncelikle durağanlık testleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra değişkenler arasındaki
ilişkinin yönünü görebilmek amacıyla Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır.
Granger testi sonucuna göre banka kredilerinden GSYİH, net rezervler, döviz kuru,
Borsa İstanbul endeksi ve M1’e doğru bir nedensellik hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular
Türkiye’de 1994, 2001, 2008 ve 2018 krizi öncesi yapılan regülasyonların krizler
üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. 1980’lerde yapılan regülâsyonların 1994
krizini derinleştirdiği belirlenmiştir. 2000-2001 krizinin de aşırı finansal
liberalizasyon nedeniyle derinleştiği saptanmıştır. Bu krizler sonrası yapılan
düzenlemelerin 2008 krizinin etkilerini azaltıcı rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.
The Turkish economy has been exposed to crises in various periods since the Republican period. Although the reasons for the emergence of crises show differences over time, it is observed that the reasons used to explain the occurrence of crises arise from problems that have emerged over time but cannot be solved. Various regulation applications have been made in order to eliminate the effect of financial crises. The main goal in regulation practices is to increase social welfare. For this purpose, discretionary regulation practices and financial liberalization have been preferred in order to regulate the financial sector and thus to prevent financial crises. In addition to the fact that the regulation has an important role in getting out of the crises, it also has the risks of increasing the cost of implementation and not achieving its purpose. This study aims to investigate the effects of financial liberalizations and financial regulations experienced in Turkey between 1980-2021 on financial crises. The effects of the regulations made in Turkey in 1998, 2005 and 2008 on macro variables have been examined. For this purpose, it has been tried to calculate how macro variables are affected after the regulation period with the help of the Logit Model. First of all, stationarity tests of the variables considered in this calculation were performed. Then, Granger causality test was applied in order to see the direction of the relationship between the variables. According to the Granger test result, a causality was calculated from bank loans to GDP, net reserves, exchange rate, Borsa Istanbul index and M1. The findings have showed that the regulations made before the 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2018 crisis in Turkey had an effect on the crises. It has been determined that the regulations made in the 1980s deepened the 1994 crisis. It has been determined that the 2000-2001 crisis has deepened due to excessive financial liberalization. It has been determined that the regulations made after these crises played a role in reducing the effects of the 2008 crisis.
The Turkish economy has been exposed to crises in various periods since the Republican period. Although the reasons for the emergence of crises show differences over time, it is observed that the reasons used to explain the occurrence of crises arise from problems that have emerged over time but cannot be solved. Various regulation applications have been made in order to eliminate the effect of financial crises. The main goal in regulation practices is to increase social welfare. For this purpose, discretionary regulation practices and financial liberalization have been preferred in order to regulate the financial sector and thus to prevent financial crises. In addition to the fact that the regulation has an important role in getting out of the crises, it also has the risks of increasing the cost of implementation and not achieving its purpose. This study aims to investigate the effects of financial liberalizations and financial regulations experienced in Turkey between 1980-2021 on financial crises. The effects of the regulations made in Turkey in 1998, 2005 and 2008 on macro variables have been examined. For this purpose, it has been tried to calculate how macro variables are affected after the regulation period with the help of the Logit Model. First of all, stationarity tests of the variables considered in this calculation were performed. Then, Granger causality test was applied in order to see the direction of the relationship between the variables. According to the Granger test result, a causality was calculated from bank loans to GDP, net reserves, exchange rate, Borsa Istanbul index and M1. The findings have showed that the regulations made before the 1994, 2001, 2008 and 2018 crisis in Turkey had an effect on the crises. It has been determined that the regulations made in the 1980s deepened the 1994 crisis. It has been determined that the 2000-2001 crisis has deepened due to excessive financial liberalization. It has been determined that the regulations made after these crises played a role in reducing the effects of the 2008 crisis.
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Keywords
Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Finans Ekonomisi, Social Sciences and Humanities, Financial Economics, Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Ekonomi ve İş, EKONOMİ, Social Sciences (SOC), ECONOMICS & BUSINESS, ECONOMICS, Ekonomi ve Ekonometri, Ekonomi, Ekonometri ve Finans (çeşitli), Genel Ekonomi, Ekonometri ve Finans, Sosyal Bilimler ve Beşeri Bilimler, Economics and Econometrics, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Social Sciences & Humanities, Financial crisis, Financial regulation, Financial liberalization, Turkish economy, Regulatory bodies, Finansal kriz, finansal regülasyon, finansal liberalizasyon, Türkiye ekonomisi, düzenleyici kurumlar
Citation
Aslan N., Osmanlı A., "Finansal Regülasyonların Finansal Krizler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği", The Journal of Academic Social Science, cilt.139, sa.139, ss.398-423, 2023
