Publication: Bir göç sisteminin anatomisi : Türkiye-Rusya örneği
Abstract
Türkiye kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından itibaren uluslararası göç dalgalarıyla karşılaşmıştır. Ülkenin dışgöç deneyimde 1960’lı yıllar önemli bir dönemeç olmuştur. Bu yıllarda Avrupa’ya yönelen misafir işçi göçü Türkiye ile önce Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu (KAOD) ülkeleri, sonra Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu (BDT) ülkeleri arasındaki nüfus hareketlerine farklı düzeylerde katkıda bulunmuştur. Ancak, gerek KAOD ülkelerine, gerekse de BDT ülkelerine yönelen göç hareketlerini konu olan araştırmaların neredeyse yok denecek kadar az olması, bu bölgelerdeki göçler ve göçmenlerle ilgili genel özelliklerin bilinmemesine, temel sorunların göz ardı edilmesine ve hatta kalıcılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Oysa Soğuk Savaş sonrasında Türkiye ile BDT ülkeleri arasında hızla gelişen dinamik emek hareketliliği, Türkiye’nin birbirinden farklı göç akımlarının çok boyutlu özelliklerini inceleme olanağı sunan bir göç ortamı içinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye ile BDT ülkeleri arasında gelişen göçleri ve bu göç dalgaları içinde öne çıkan proje bağımlı göçmen işçilerin genel özelliklerini “göç sistemi kuramı” ışığında irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Türkiye ve BDT ülkeleri arasında gelişen göç sistemini Rusya örneği ile inceleyerek, Rusya örneğinde öne çıkan proje bağımlı göçmenlerin niteliklerini Moskova alan araştırması bulgularıyla ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Uluslararası göç, proje bağımlı göçmen, göç sistemi, Türk-Rus İlişkileri
Since the initial years of the republic’s establishment, Turkey has become a stage for various types of international migration flows. The early 1960s has been an important turning point in the emigration history of Turkey. Within the emigration of large numbers of Turkish guest workers to western European countries, Turkey was the prominent nation providing a labor force to many European countries. These flows have directly and/ or indirectly affected the emergence of new directions in the emigration flows from Turkey to Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries and also to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In particular, the dynamic labour mobility between Turkey and CIS countries clearly indicates that Turkey is in the middle of various types of emigration flows and provides an opportunity to observe and conduct a research on the multi-dimensional environment of migration system. Although there is an increasing tendency in the emigration flows towards MENA and CIS countries, contrary on that, the scientific research conducted on these areas are still very rare. Hence, this study aims to reveal the labour mobility between Turkey and CIS countries by focusing on the flows of the project tied migrants in the light of the migration system theory. This migration system and the general characteristics of the project tied migrants are explored within the case of Russia by sharing the findings of the Moscow field research. Key Words: International migration, project-tied migrant, migration system, Turkish-Russian relations
Since the initial years of the republic’s establishment, Turkey has become a stage for various types of international migration flows. The early 1960s has been an important turning point in the emigration history of Turkey. Within the emigration of large numbers of Turkish guest workers to western European countries, Turkey was the prominent nation providing a labor force to many European countries. These flows have directly and/ or indirectly affected the emergence of new directions in the emigration flows from Turkey to Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries and also to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In particular, the dynamic labour mobility between Turkey and CIS countries clearly indicates that Turkey is in the middle of various types of emigration flows and provides an opportunity to observe and conduct a research on the multi-dimensional environment of migration system. Although there is an increasing tendency in the emigration flows towards MENA and CIS countries, contrary on that, the scientific research conducted on these areas are still very rare. Hence, this study aims to reveal the labour mobility between Turkey and CIS countries by focusing on the flows of the project tied migrants in the light of the migration system theory. This migration system and the general characteristics of the project tied migrants are explored within the case of Russia by sharing the findings of the Moscow field research. Key Words: International migration, project-tied migrant, migration system, Turkish-Russian relations