Publication: İş güvenliği ölçeği geliştirilmesi ve acil durum afet çalışanlarına uygulanması
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, farklı sektörlerde görev yapan çalışanların iş güvenliği düzeyini ölçmek, geçerli ve güvenilir bir İş Güvenliği Ölçeği geliştirmek, geliştirilen bu ölçeğin güvenlik iklimi ve iş tatmini gibi örgütsel değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemek ve afet ve acil durum çalışanları üzerinde uygulamaktır. Araştırma iki aşamalı olarak yürütülmüştür: ölçek geliştirme süreci ve ölçeğin diğer ölçeklerle birlikte uygulanması. İlk aşamada, literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan 100 maddelik madde havuzu, içerik geçerliği süreci ile daraltılmıştır. Madde-toplam korelasyonları, iç tutarlılık katsayıları (Cronbach’s α ve McDonald’s ω) ve madde varyansları incelenmiş; uygun olmayan maddeler elenmiştir. Ardından Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) gerçekleştirilmiş, verilerin uygunluğu KMO ve Bartlett testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen altı faktörlü yapı, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile test edilmiş; RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR gibi uyum indeksleri ve Lavee & Neiger (L&N) kriterlerine göre modelin yapısal geçerliği doğrulanmıştır. Bu süreç sonunda altı boyutlu ve 43 maddelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, ölçek İstanbul’da görev yapan 250 acil durum ve afet çalışanına uygulanmış; eş zamanlı olarak Güvenlik İklimi Ölçeği ve İş Tatmini Ölçeği de kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizleri, iş güvenliği düzeyi ile güvenlik iklimi ve iş tatmini arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA analizleri ile cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, meslek ve çalışma süresi gibi demografik değişkenlerin alt boyutlar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiş; bazı gruplar arasında anlamlı farklar saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak geliştirilen ölçek, psikometrik açıdan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olmasının yanı sıra, iş güvenliği düzeyinin değerlendirilmesine ve sektörel uygulamalara katkı sağlayabilecek nitelikte olarak bulunmıştur.
The primary aim of this study is to measure the level of occupational safety among employees working across various sectors, to develop a valid and reliable Occupational Safety Scale, to examine the relationships of the developed scale with organizational variables such as safety climate and job satisfaction, and to implement it among disaster and emergency personnel. The research was conducted in two stages: the scale development process and the application of the scale alongside other measurement tools. In the first stage, a 100-item pool was generated through literature review and expert opinions and was refined via a content validity process. Item-total correlations, internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω), and item variances were examined, and items with insufficient reliability were removed. Subsequently, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted, and the adequacy of the data was assessed using KMO and Bartlett’s tests. The resulting six-factor structure was tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); model fit was confirmed using indices such as RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR and the Lavee & Neiger (L&N) criteria. As a result, a six-factor, 43-item scale with strong psychometric properties was developed. In the second stage, the scale was administered to 250 disaster and emergency workers in Istanbul, and was applied alongside the Safety Climate Scale and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Correlation analyses revealed significant and positive relationships between the level of occupational safety and both safety climate and job satisfaction. In addition, t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine the effects of demographic variables such as gender, age, education level, occupation, and years of experience on the subdimensions of the scale; significant differences were found among certain groups. In conclusion, the developed scale was found to be a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement tool that can contribute to the evaluation of occupational safety levels and to sectoral applications.
The primary aim of this study is to measure the level of occupational safety among employees working across various sectors, to develop a valid and reliable Occupational Safety Scale, to examine the relationships of the developed scale with organizational variables such as safety climate and job satisfaction, and to implement it among disaster and emergency personnel. The research was conducted in two stages: the scale development process and the application of the scale alongside other measurement tools. In the first stage, a 100-item pool was generated through literature review and expert opinions and was refined via a content validity process. Item-total correlations, internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω), and item variances were examined, and items with insufficient reliability were removed. Subsequently, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted, and the adequacy of the data was assessed using KMO and Bartlett’s tests. The resulting six-factor structure was tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA); model fit was confirmed using indices such as RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR and the Lavee & Neiger (L&N) criteria. As a result, a six-factor, 43-item scale with strong psychometric properties was developed. In the second stage, the scale was administered to 250 disaster and emergency workers in Istanbul, and was applied alongside the Safety Climate Scale and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Correlation analyses revealed significant and positive relationships between the level of occupational safety and both safety climate and job satisfaction. In addition, t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to examine the effects of demographic variables such as gender, age, education level, occupation, and years of experience on the subdimensions of the scale; significant differences were found among certain groups. In conclusion, the developed scale was found to be a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement tool that can contribute to the evaluation of occupational safety levels and to sectoral applications.