Publication: Yapıta içkinlik ve yeni eleştiri kuramları üzerine
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Yapıta içkinlik (Werkimmanenz) adı verilen edebiyat kuramı, 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında özellikle Orta
Avrupa’da popüler olmuştur. Emil Staiger ve Wolfgang Kayser, yapıta içkinliğin en önemli temsilcileridir.
Onlar, yaygın olan bu yorumlama biçimine sistemli bir kuram temeli kazandırmışlardır. Aynı zamanlarda ortaya çıkan ve çok benzer biçimde işleyen yeni eleştiri (New Criticism) kuramına, yapıta içkinliğin
Anglosakson karşılığı da denilebilir. Cleanth Brooks başta olmak üzere, William K. Wimsatt ve William
Empson’in çalışmaları bu kurama atfedilir. Her iki akım da kesin bir biçimde sanat özerkliği anlayışına
dayanır; edebî eser, bütünleşik bir yapıt, kendine özgü estetiği olan bir nesne olarak görülür ve onun özenli
incelenmesi için birtakım kurallar sunulur. Bu çalışmada, yapıta içkinlik ve yeni eleştirinin temel özellikleri ele alınacaktır. Bir yandan bu girişim edebî kuram tarihine olan ilgiden kaynaklanmakta, öte yandan
günümüzün hızla değişen bilimsel kültürü, bu iki çok etkili edebiyat araştırma kuramını hatırlatmayı ya da
yeniden tanıtmayı ve en önemli yönlerini değerlendirmeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Stefan
George’nin Ölmüş Olduğu Söylenen Parka Gel ve Bak şiiri üzerinden, yapıta içkinlik ve yeni eleştiri temelinde bir yorumun nasıl yapılabileceği örneklendirilecektir.
The German terminology Werkimmanenz, henceforth translated as Work Immanence, describes a theoretical way of approaching literary texts that was particularly popular in Central Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Its most important representatives are Emil Staiger and Wolfgang Kayser, who gave a systematic basis to the widespread practice of text-based interpretation. The New Criticism, which arose contemporarily and works in a very similar way, is so to say the Anglo-Saxon counterpart to the Work Immanence. Among others, works by Cleanth Brooks, William K. Wimsatt and William Empson are affiliated to it. Both movements are most definitely based on the conception of artistic autonomy; hence, literary works are viewed as stylistically cohesive and aesthetically autonomous objects, and rules are set for their careful and dedicated interpretation. In this article, the Work Immanence and the New Criticism are explained in their basic features. On the one hand, this is done out of an interest in the history of theory, on the other hand, the fast pace of the contemporary scientific culture makes it necessary to recall or re-introduce these two very influential theories of literary studies and review their most important aspects. The study is concluded with an example analysis based on Stefan George’s poem Come to the park they say is dead, and view.
The German terminology Werkimmanenz, henceforth translated as Work Immanence, describes a theoretical way of approaching literary texts that was particularly popular in Central Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Its most important representatives are Emil Staiger and Wolfgang Kayser, who gave a systematic basis to the widespread practice of text-based interpretation. The New Criticism, which arose contemporarily and works in a very similar way, is so to say the Anglo-Saxon counterpart to the Work Immanence. Among others, works by Cleanth Brooks, William K. Wimsatt and William Empson are affiliated to it. Both movements are most definitely based on the conception of artistic autonomy; hence, literary works are viewed as stylistically cohesive and aesthetically autonomous objects, and rules are set for their careful and dedicated interpretation. In this article, the Work Immanence and the New Criticism are explained in their basic features. On the one hand, this is done out of an interest in the history of theory, on the other hand, the fast pace of the contemporary scientific culture makes it necessary to recall or re-introduce these two very influential theories of literary studies and review their most important aspects. The study is concluded with an example analysis based on Stefan George’s poem Come to the park they say is dead, and view.
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BAZARKAYA O. K., "Yapıta İçkinlik ve Yeni Eleştiri Kuramları Üzerine", Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları, sa.26, ss.9-33, 2022
