Publication: 5510 sayılı kanun kapsamında hak sahi̇pli̇ği̇ ve hak sahi̇pleri̇ne sağlanan parasal haklar
Abstract
Sosyal güvenlik ihtiyacı insanlığın var oluşundan beri süregelmektedir. İnsan sosyal ve muhtaç bir canlıdır. Hayatın içindeki hastalık, ölüm, analık, kaza gibi risklere karşı yardıma ihtiyaç duyar. Sosyal güvenlik sistemleri de insanın bu risklere uğraması sonucu ihtiyaçlarını bir başkasına muhtaç olmaksızın ve minnet etmeksizin insanlık onuruna uygun şekilde karşılanabilmesi için oluşturulmuştur. Bireyselliğin arttığı modern dünyada her ülke vatandaşına sosyal güvenlik güvencesi sağlamayı uluslararası ve ulusal temel hukuk metinlerinde üstlenmiştir. Bu temel hukuk metinlerinde kendine yer bulan insanın karşılaşabileceği en önemli risklerinden birisi ölümdür. Ölüm olayı ile birlikte geçimi ölen kişi tarafından sağlanan kişiler zor duruma düşmekte geçimlerini sağlayamayarak muhtaçlığa düşmekte hatta sefalete sürüklenebilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada ölüm neticesinde ölen kişinin geride bıraktığı hak sahipleri kavramına giren kişilerin kimler olduğuna ve bu kişilere Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi içerisinde 5510 sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu kapsamında sağlanan parasal yardımlara değinilmiştir. Bu parasal yardımlar, öncelikle ölüm gelir ve aylığı, evlenme ödeneği, cenaze ödeneği, toptan ödemelerdir. Geride kalan hak sahipleri tarafından parasal yardımlara hak kazanabilmek için Kanunun aradığı koşulların yerine getirilmiş olması gerekmektedir. Bu koşulları sağlamaksızın parasal yardımların alınması yersiz veya fazla ödeme oluşturacak ve Kurumun zararı gündeme gelecektir. Kurum bu yersiz veya fazla ödemeleri Kanunda belirtilen usullerle ilgililerden geri alacaktır. Kurum bireylerin sosyal güvenliğini ancak ekonomik açıdan yeterli ise gereği gibi karşılayabilir, bu nedenle yersiz veya fazla ödemenin önüne geçilmesi gerekmektedir. Yersiz veya fazla ödeme ortaya çıkmışsa geri ödenmesinin sağlanması Kurumun mali yapısı açısından oldukça önemlidir.
The need for social security has been ongoing since the existence of humanity. Humans are social and needy creatures. They need help against risks in life such as illness, death, maternity, and accidents. Social security systems have been established so that people can meet their needs in a way that is in line with human dignity, without being dependent on others and without being indebted to others, as a result of these risks. In the modern world where individuality is increasing, every country has undertaken to provide social security to its citizens in international and national fundamental law texts. One of the most important risks that a person may face, which finds its place in these basic legal texts, is death. With the event of death, the people who provided for the deceased fall into a difficult situation and cannot provide for their living expenses and may be dragged into need or even poverty. This study addresses the people who are considered as beneficiaries left behind by the deceased as a result of death and the monetary aids provided to these people within the scope of the Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510 within the Turkish Social Security System. These monetary aids are primarily death income and pension, marriage allowance, funeral allowance, and lump sum payments. In order for the remaining beneficiaries to be entitled to receive financial aid, the conditions sought by the Law must be met. Receiving financial aid without meeting these conditions will constitute an undue or excessive payment and will result in losses for the Institution. The Institution will recover these undue and excessive payments from the relevant parties through the procedures specified in the Law. The institution can only provide social security to individuals if it is economically sufficient, therefore, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary and excessive payments. If unnecessary or excessive payments occur, ensuring their repayment is very important in terms of the institution's financial structure.
The need for social security has been ongoing since the existence of humanity. Humans are social and needy creatures. They need help against risks in life such as illness, death, maternity, and accidents. Social security systems have been established so that people can meet their needs in a way that is in line with human dignity, without being dependent on others and without being indebted to others, as a result of these risks. In the modern world where individuality is increasing, every country has undertaken to provide social security to its citizens in international and national fundamental law texts. One of the most important risks that a person may face, which finds its place in these basic legal texts, is death. With the event of death, the people who provided for the deceased fall into a difficult situation and cannot provide for their living expenses and may be dragged into need or even poverty. This study addresses the people who are considered as beneficiaries left behind by the deceased as a result of death and the monetary aids provided to these people within the scope of the Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510 within the Turkish Social Security System. These monetary aids are primarily death income and pension, marriage allowance, funeral allowance, and lump sum payments. In order for the remaining beneficiaries to be entitled to receive financial aid, the conditions sought by the Law must be met. Receiving financial aid without meeting these conditions will constitute an undue or excessive payment and will result in losses for the Institution. The Institution will recover these undue and excessive payments from the relevant parties through the procedures specified in the Law. The institution can only provide social security to individuals if it is economically sufficient, therefore, it is necessary to prevent unnecessary and excessive payments. If unnecessary or excessive payments occur, ensuring their repayment is very important in terms of the institution's financial structure.