Publication: Psikiyatrik ve nörolojik bozuklukların ceza hukuku anlamında değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Eski çağlarda aksi örneklerine rastlansa da, modern hukuk sistemleri akıl hastalarının kusur yeteneğini ne kadar haiz olduğunu dikkate alarak cezanın tayininde indirime gitmeyi veya hiçbir cezaya hükmetmemeyi tercih etmektedir. Yapılan tercih hakkaniyetli ve adil olmakla birlikte; özellikle ülkemiz ceza kanununda akıl hastalığı ibaresinin yanıltıcı olabildiği ve kapsayıcılığının az olduğu, hastalık olarak nitelendirilmeyen bazı nörolojik bozuklukların akıl hastalığı kavramına dahil edilmediği görülmektedir. Bilhassa nörolojik bu tür bozuklukların insan davranışını etkilediğine dair çok sayıda araştırma mevcut olmasına ve bu bozuklukların tıbbi olarak tespit edilmesi yöntemleri her geçen gün gelişiyor olmasına rağmen, hukuk sistemleri duruma ilişkin gerekli reaksiyonu göstermemektedir. Bu çalışma ile akıl hastalığının tanımı, tarihi ve ceza hukuku teorileri bağlamında değerlendirmesi ele alınarak tartışmaya temel oluşturulacaktır. Daha sonra akıl hastalığı kavramı maddi ceza hukuku, ceza muhakemesi ve infaz hukuku açısından incelenecek, son olarak açıklanan hususlar ışığında akıl hastalığının tıbbi değerlendirmesi, nörolojik bozuklukların akıl hastalığı kavramına dahil edilmesi ve bu durumun oluşturabileceği problemler incelenecektir
Even though there has been conflicting examples back in ancient times, modern law systems choose deduction in evaluation of the penalty or not to penalize at all regarding culpability of mental patients. Although the choice is just and fair; it is obvious that the phrase ‘’mental illness’’ can be misleading and is inadequte in terms of comprehensiveness especially in our country. It is seen that some psychiatric and neurological disorders have not been classified as mental illness. Legal systems do not react to the situation, although there are many trustworthy studies, showing that neurological disorders affect human behavior in particular and although there have been great amount of progress in terms of development of medical methods about detecting beforementioned disorders. Firstly; the definition, historical views and evalution in terms of theories of criminal law about mental illness will be discussed in this study and by this way, the basis of the discussion will be created. After that, mental illnesses are going to be examined in consideration of criminal law, criminal procedure law and execution law. At last, medical examination of mental illness, discussion of addition of neurological disorders to mental illness and problems that this situation might cause will be made in the light of mentioned topics.
Even though there has been conflicting examples back in ancient times, modern law systems choose deduction in evaluation of the penalty or not to penalize at all regarding culpability of mental patients. Although the choice is just and fair; it is obvious that the phrase ‘’mental illness’’ can be misleading and is inadequte in terms of comprehensiveness especially in our country. It is seen that some psychiatric and neurological disorders have not been classified as mental illness. Legal systems do not react to the situation, although there are many trustworthy studies, showing that neurological disorders affect human behavior in particular and although there have been great amount of progress in terms of development of medical methods about detecting beforementioned disorders. Firstly; the definition, historical views and evalution in terms of theories of criminal law about mental illness will be discussed in this study and by this way, the basis of the discussion will be created. After that, mental illnesses are going to be examined in consideration of criminal law, criminal procedure law and execution law. At last, medical examination of mental illness, discussion of addition of neurological disorders to mental illness and problems that this situation might cause will be made in the light of mentioned topics.