Publication: Ürün sorumluluğundan doğan maddi tazminat
Abstract
Ürün sorumluluğu kavramı hatalı ürünlerden meydana gelen zararlardan dağıtım zincirindeki üreticilerin müteselsil veya kademeli sorumluluğunu ifade etmektedir. Temelini Amerikan hukukundan alan ürün sorumluluğu yıllar içinde sözleşmesel sorumluluktan, kusura dayalı haksız fiil sorumluluğuna ve daha sonra kusursuz sorumluluk rejimine doğru gelişim göstermiştir. 85/ 374 sayılı AB Ürün Sorumluluğu Direktifi açıkça sorumluluğun kusursuz sorumluluk olduğunu kabul etmektedir. Ülkemizde ürün sorumluluğunun yasal temele kavuşması uzun yıllar almıştır. 05.03.2020 tarihli 7223 sayılı Ürün Güvenliği ve Teknik Düzenlemeler Kanunu karşılaştırmalı hukuka paralel şekilde sorumluluğu kusursuz sorumluluk üzerine temellendirmiştir. Kanunun hazırlanmasında esas alınabilecek bir düzenleme olmasına rağmen, kanun koyucu özel hukuk sorumluluğu ile kamu hukuku kaynaklı yükümlülükleri aynı kanun altında toplamayı uygun görmüştür. Bu ikili düzenleme sorumluluk sisteminde boşluklar oluşmasına ve üretici ile kullanıcı arasındaki, dengenin bozulmasına neden olmuştur. Kusursuz sorumluluk olarak düzenlenen hatalı ürünlerden doğan sorumluluk alanında taraflar arasında dengenin sağlanması ve sorumluluk doğuran hükümler ile sorumluluktan kurtuluş sağlayan hükümler arasında boşluk bulunmaması elzemdir.
The concept of product liability refers to the joint or several liability of producers in the distribution chain for damages caused by defective products. Based on American law, product liability has evolved over the years from contractual liability to fault-based tort liability and then to a strict liability regime. The EU Product Liability Directive explicitly recognizes that liability is strict liability. It took many years for product liability to gain a legal basis in Turkey. Law No. 7223 on Product Safety and Technical Regulations, in parallel with the comparative law, bases liability on strict liability. Although there is a regulation that can be taken as a basis in the preparation of the law, the legislator deemed it appropriate to gather private law liability and public law liability under the same law. This dual arrangement has caused gaps in the liability system and disrupted the balance between the manufacturer and the user. It is essential to ensure a balance between the parties in the field of liability arising from defective products regulated as no-fault liability and to ensure that there is no gap between the provisions that give rise to liability and the provisions that provide relief from liability.
The concept of product liability refers to the joint or several liability of producers in the distribution chain for damages caused by defective products. Based on American law, product liability has evolved over the years from contractual liability to fault-based tort liability and then to a strict liability regime. The EU Product Liability Directive explicitly recognizes that liability is strict liability. It took many years for product liability to gain a legal basis in Turkey. Law No. 7223 on Product Safety and Technical Regulations, in parallel with the comparative law, bases liability on strict liability. Although there is a regulation that can be taken as a basis in the preparation of the law, the legislator deemed it appropriate to gather private law liability and public law liability under the same law. This dual arrangement has caused gaps in the liability system and disrupted the balance between the manufacturer and the user. It is essential to ensure a balance between the parties in the field of liability arising from defective products regulated as no-fault liability and to ensure that there is no gap between the provisions that give rise to liability and the provisions that provide relief from liability.