Publication: Memlük Kahire'sinde bir hankah : Siryâkûs hankahı
Abstract
Memlükler döneminde insanların ihtiyaçlarını gidermek üzere kurulan vakıf kurumları yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Memlükler dönemi Kahire’sinde cami, medrese, hankah, ribât, bimaristan gibi vakıf kurumlarına sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Önemli tasavvuf kurumlarından sayılan hankahlar bu dönemde yaygınlaşmıştır. Hankahlar pek çok sûfî, yolcu ve fakir kimselere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Ayrıca dinî, sosyal ve ilmî hayata derinden etkileri olan bir kurum olmasıyla öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusu da Memlükler dönemi Kahire’sinde el-Melikü’n-Nâsır Muhammed b. Kalavun tarafından 725/ 1325 yılında kurulan Siryâkûs Hankahı’dır. Siryâkûs bölgesinin şenlendirilmesinde aktif rol üstlenen Siryâkûs Hankahı zengin vakıf gelirlerine sahiptir. Mısır bölgesindeki tasavvuf kurumlarının idaresinden sorumlu olan meşîhatü’ş-şüyûh mansıbı Siryâkûs Hankahı şeyhine tevdi edilmiştir. Böylelikle bu çalışmada dönemin en önde gelen kurumlarından olan Siryâkûs Hankahı’nın kuruluş sebebini ele almak adına hankahın vâkıfı Muhammed b. Kalavun’un hayatı ve Siryâkûs Hankahı’nın kuruluş süreci aktarılacaktır. Bununla birlikte Siryâkûs Hankahı’nın vakıf gelirleri, görevlileri ve harcamaları vakfiye esas alınarak açıklanacaktır. Son olarak hankahın çeşitli işlevleri ve önemi değerlendirilecektir.
During the Mamluk period, endowment institutions (awqāf) established to meet the needs of the population became increasingly widespread. In Mamluk-era Cairo, one frequently encounters endowed institutions such as mosques, madrasas, khānqāhs, ribāts, and bīmāristāns. Among these, khānqāhs, which are regarded as prominent Sufi institutions, proliferated during this era. Khānqāhs provided shelter to numerous Sufis, travelers, and impoverished individuals. Moreover, they distinguished themselves as institutions with profound influence on religious, social, and intellectual life. The subject of this study is the Siryāqūs Khānqāh, which was founded in 725/ 1325 in Mamluk Cairo by Sultan al-Nāsir Muhammad b. Qalāwūn. The Siryāqūs Khānqāh played an active role in the revitalization of the Siryāqūs region and possessed substantial endowment revenues. The post of shaykh al-shuyūkh, responsible for overseeing Sufi institutions throughout Egypt, was conferred upon the shaykh of the Siryāqūs Khānqāh. Accordingly, this study will examine the founding motives of the Siryāqūs Khānqāh—one of the most prominent institutions of its time—by presenting the life of its founder, Muhammad b. Qalāwūn, and the process of the khānqāh’s establishment. In addition, the institution’s endowment revenues, staff, and expenditures will be analyzed based on its waqfiyya endowment deed. Finally, the various functions and significance of the khānqāh will be evaluated.
During the Mamluk period, endowment institutions (awqāf) established to meet the needs of the population became increasingly widespread. In Mamluk-era Cairo, one frequently encounters endowed institutions such as mosques, madrasas, khānqāhs, ribāts, and bīmāristāns. Among these, khānqāhs, which are regarded as prominent Sufi institutions, proliferated during this era. Khānqāhs provided shelter to numerous Sufis, travelers, and impoverished individuals. Moreover, they distinguished themselves as institutions with profound influence on religious, social, and intellectual life. The subject of this study is the Siryāqūs Khānqāh, which was founded in 725/ 1325 in Mamluk Cairo by Sultan al-Nāsir Muhammad b. Qalāwūn. The Siryāqūs Khānqāh played an active role in the revitalization of the Siryāqūs region and possessed substantial endowment revenues. The post of shaykh al-shuyūkh, responsible for overseeing Sufi institutions throughout Egypt, was conferred upon the shaykh of the Siryāqūs Khānqāh. Accordingly, this study will examine the founding motives of the Siryāqūs Khānqāh—one of the most prominent institutions of its time—by presenting the life of its founder, Muhammad b. Qalāwūn, and the process of the khānqāh’s establishment. In addition, the institution’s endowment revenues, staff, and expenditures will be analyzed based on its waqfiyya endowment deed. Finally, the various functions and significance of the khānqāh will be evaluated.