Publication: Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete devlet eli ile milli tüccar oluşturma politiklaarında bankacılık sektörünün yeri: İş Bankası örneği (1924-1930)
Abstract
OSMANLIDAN CUMHURİYETE DEVLET ELİ İLE MİLLİ TÜCCAR OLUŞTURMA POLİTİKALARINDA BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN YERİ: İŞ BANKASI ÖRNEĞİ (1924- 1930) 19. Yüzyılda kapitalist sistemle bütünleşme sürecinin hukuki ve iktisadi şartlarını hazırlayan anlaşmalar, iktisadi alanda yabancı tüccarlara olduğu kadar gayri Müslim tüccarlara da büyük avantajlar sağladı. Bütünleşme sürecinin ortaya çıkardığı yeni ticari organizasyon ve ilişkilerden yararlanan gayri Müslim tüccarlar, ticaret ve tefecilik ağıyla büyük servetler elde ettiler. Bu durum etnik ve dinsel farklılık gösteren tüccar grupları arasında ekonomik farklılaşmaları başlattı. II. Meşrutiyetten sonra Türk- Müslüman tüccarın ekonomik alanda güçlendirilmesi düşüncesi devlet otoritesi nezdinde bir iktisat politikası haline geldi. Devlet eli ile organize edilecek kredi kurumları üzerinden Türk- Müslüman tüccarın ekonomik örgütlenmesinin sağlanması, milli tüccar oluşturma çabalarında öncelikli bir yöntem oldu. Buna göre, devlet eli ile milli sermayeli bankaların kurulması teşvik edilmiş, bu kredi kurumları bankacılık faaliyetleriyle yeni ticari organizasyonların kurulmasına ve sermaye birikimlerine yol açmış, böylelikle bankalar, milli tüccar oluşturma çabalarında önemli bir işlev görmüşlerdir. II. Meşrutiyetten sonra İttihat ve Terakki ile başlayan Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında da devam eden milli tüccar oluşturma düşüncesinin oluşumu, bu düşüncenin iktisadi uygulamaları ve bu uygulamalarda bankacılık sektörünün gördüğü rolün sonuçlarıyla beraber ortaya çıkarılması bu tezin temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla araştırmada tarihçi metot uygulanmakta, arşiv araştırmaları sonucu elde edilen belgeler incelenerek sentezlerle bir takım sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır.
THE ROLE OF BANKING SECTOR IN POLITICS OF BUILDING NATIONAL MERCHANTS BY FAVOR OF GOVERMENT FROM OTTOMAN PERIED TO REPUBLIC: IŞ BANK MODEL (1924- 1930) The contracts which prepared legal and economical conditions of integration to capital system in 19th century provided economical advantages to non-muslim merchants as well as the foreign ones. Non-muslim merchants who benefited from the organization and relationships led by integration process gained huge capitals from merchantise and usury networks. This situation led to some economical differences between the merchants from different ethnical and religious groups. The thought to strengthen Turk-Muslim merchants in economical arena became an economy policy of the state after II. Contitutional monarchy Making Turk-Muslim merchants economically organized via the institutions to be established by the state which provide credits is a primary method to establish a national Merchant. As a result, building banks with national capital was inspired by the state, these credit providing institutions established by the state led to arranging some trading organizations and keeping capital as a result of banking activities, and therefore; banks had an important role to establish national Merchant. The thought to establish national merchant which contiued in the first period of the Republic after II. Contitutional monarchy with İttihat and Terakki, the econoical implementations of these thoughts and the role of the banking sector in the implementations are the main points to be forwarded in this thesis. For this purpose, historical method is used,some results are gained by synthesize the documents from searching the archives.
THE ROLE OF BANKING SECTOR IN POLITICS OF BUILDING NATIONAL MERCHANTS BY FAVOR OF GOVERMENT FROM OTTOMAN PERIED TO REPUBLIC: IŞ BANK MODEL (1924- 1930) The contracts which prepared legal and economical conditions of integration to capital system in 19th century provided economical advantages to non-muslim merchants as well as the foreign ones. Non-muslim merchants who benefited from the organization and relationships led by integration process gained huge capitals from merchantise and usury networks. This situation led to some economical differences between the merchants from different ethnical and religious groups. The thought to strengthen Turk-Muslim merchants in economical arena became an economy policy of the state after II. Contitutional monarchy Making Turk-Muslim merchants economically organized via the institutions to be established by the state which provide credits is a primary method to establish a national Merchant. As a result, building banks with national capital was inspired by the state, these credit providing institutions established by the state led to arranging some trading organizations and keeping capital as a result of banking activities, and therefore; banks had an important role to establish national Merchant. The thought to establish national merchant which contiued in the first period of the Republic after II. Contitutional monarchy with İttihat and Terakki, the econoical implementations of these thoughts and the role of the banking sector in the implementations are the main points to be forwarded in this thesis. For this purpose, historical method is used,some results are gained by synthesize the documents from searching the archives.