Publication: Hoca Kadri Nasıh’ın hayatı eserleri ve görüşleri
Abstract
HOCA KADRİ NÂSIH’IN HAYATI ESERLERİ VE GÖRÜŞLERİ Jöntürklerin en önemli şahsiyetlerinden biri olan Hoca Kadri Nâsıh’ın hayatı, eserleri ve görüşlerinin incelendiği bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde Hoca Kadri’nin hayatı ve eserleri, ikinci bölümde ise görüşleri ele alınarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Eserlerinde yer alan kelâmî görüşlerini incelendiğinde Abdulhamid’i meşrû halîfe kabul etmediği anlaşılan Hoca Kadri’nin, bulunduğu dönemdeki siyasî düşüncenin etkilerini yansıttığı görülmektedir. Osmanlı halîfesi sıfatına sahip bulunan II. Abdulhamid’in halîfeliğini gayr-ı meşrû ilân etmektedir. Zira o da diğer Jöntürkler gibi Abdulhamid’in tahtından indirilmesinin gerektiğine, istibdad yönetiminin sona erdirilerek meşrutiyetin ilân edilmesiyle devletin içinde bulunduğu kötü durumdan kurtulacağına inanmaktadır. Kendi döneminde imâmetten bahseden hadis kitaplarının tedavülden kaldırılmasını tenkit eden Hoca Kadri, kitaplara uygulanmakta olan sansürü de eleştirmektedir. Meşrûtiyet ve şûra kavramlarının önemine de değinen Hoca Kadri, seçimle iş başına gelecek milletvekillerinden oluşan bir parlamentoya ihtiyaç olduğunu ve padişahın Kanun-i Esasî’yi bir an önce ilân etmesi gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Ulûhiyet, İman-amel birlikteliği, irade, kader, Allah’ın Âhirette görülecek olması, şefaat gibi önemli kelâmî meselelerde Mu’tezile’nin görüşünü benimsediği açıkça görülmekte olan Hoca Kadri, Mu’tezile’nin görüşünü Ehl-i Sünnet’le mukayese ederek vermektedir. Hoca Kadri, iman-amel, küfür, kaza ve kader, halku’l-Kur’an, büyük günah, zulüm, helâl rızık, Ru’yetullâh, Allah’ın ve kulların fiilleri gibi mühim meselelerin halledilerek, Kur’an-ı Kerim’in faydalı bir şekilde tefsir edilmesi gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Eğitimöğretim, kadın hakları gibi meselelerde dinin gelişime engel olmadığını belirtmektedir.
THE LİFE AND WORKS HODJA KADRİ NÂSIH’S In the first part of this thesis, the life and work of Hodja Kadri Nasıh, one of the most important figures of the Young Turks, are presented, and in the second part his views are discussed. When the Islamic theological views in his works are studied, it is revealed that Hodja Kadri did not admit to Abdulhamid II as being a legitimate caliph, and these views are a reflection of the effects of the political thinking at the time. He declared Abdulhamid’s title of Ottoman caliph to be illegitimate because, like the other Young Turks, he too believed that Abdulhamid had to be dethroned. He believed the nation would get out of its current situation by ending the tyranny and declaring a constitutional monarchy. Hodja Kadri was critical of the withdrawal from circulation during his time of the hadith books, which discuss imamate, and of their censorship. Hodja Kadri mentioned the importance of the concepts of Constitutional Monarchy and Council, and the necessity of a parliament consisting of members acceding by election, and that the Sultan needed to establish a Constitution as soon as possible. He openly adopted Mu’tezile’s views about some significant Islamic issues like Divinity, togetherness of faith and deed, willpower, the revelation of Allah in life to come, and intercession; and he gave Mu’tezile’s views by comparing them with Ehl-i Sünnet (the followers of the Prophet Mohammed who are guided by the Koran and the Sunna). He stated that the Koran should be interpreted in a useful way by solving the significant issues like faith and deed, blasphemy, administration of justice and destiny, halku’l- Kur’an (the intellectual dispute between those who believe the Koran was created and the those who reject this belief) , mortal sin, cruelty, permissible livelihood, Ru’yetullâh (revelation of Allah), and the deeds of Allah and mortals. He stated that religion does not prevent development in issues like education, schooling and women rights.
THE LİFE AND WORKS HODJA KADRİ NÂSIH’S In the first part of this thesis, the life and work of Hodja Kadri Nasıh, one of the most important figures of the Young Turks, are presented, and in the second part his views are discussed. When the Islamic theological views in his works are studied, it is revealed that Hodja Kadri did not admit to Abdulhamid II as being a legitimate caliph, and these views are a reflection of the effects of the political thinking at the time. He declared Abdulhamid’s title of Ottoman caliph to be illegitimate because, like the other Young Turks, he too believed that Abdulhamid had to be dethroned. He believed the nation would get out of its current situation by ending the tyranny and declaring a constitutional monarchy. Hodja Kadri was critical of the withdrawal from circulation during his time of the hadith books, which discuss imamate, and of their censorship. Hodja Kadri mentioned the importance of the concepts of Constitutional Monarchy and Council, and the necessity of a parliament consisting of members acceding by election, and that the Sultan needed to establish a Constitution as soon as possible. He openly adopted Mu’tezile’s views about some significant Islamic issues like Divinity, togetherness of faith and deed, willpower, the revelation of Allah in life to come, and intercession; and he gave Mu’tezile’s views by comparing them with Ehl-i Sünnet (the followers of the Prophet Mohammed who are guided by the Koran and the Sunna). He stated that the Koran should be interpreted in a useful way by solving the significant issues like faith and deed, blasphemy, administration of justice and destiny, halku’l- Kur’an (the intellectual dispute between those who believe the Koran was created and the those who reject this belief) , mortal sin, cruelty, permissible livelihood, Ru’yetullâh (revelation of Allah), and the deeds of Allah and mortals. He stated that religion does not prevent development in issues like education, schooling and women rights.