Publication: Türk mi̇lli̇ savunma sanayi̇i̇nde özel sektörün rolü
Abstract
Türk devletlerinin tarihinde savaşlar çok önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Hem savunma hem de saldırı alanında Türk devletleri, dönemine uygun askeri teknoloji ürünleri ortaya koymuştur. Bu araç ve gereçleri savaş meydanlarında aktif bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Barutlu silahlar ve tüfek teknolojisi ortaya çıktıktan sonra dönemin savaş endüstri konjonktürü takip edilememiştir. Özellikle 19.yüzyıl ve sonrası dönemde Türk savunma ve silah sanayii alanında dışa bağlılık oranı çok yüksektir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sonrası kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ilk yıllarında devlet eliyle bazı savunma sanayii ürünleri ortaya koymuştur ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın çıkması bu sanayii alanının gelişmesini yavaşlatmıştır. Türkiye’nin acil silahlanması ve ordunun modernize edilmesi ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Bu yüzden yapılan yerli Ar-Ge ürünlerin gelişimi sekteye uğramıştır. Savaş sonrası dönemde ise Dünya artık iki kutba ayrılmıştır ve Türkiye Batı bloğu ülkeleri arasında yer aldığı için Marshall yardımı kapsamında Amerikan silahlarını envanterine katmıştır. 1974 Kıbrıs barış harekâtı sonrası uygulanan NATO müttefiki ülkelerin silah ambargoları yüzünden Türkiye yerli savunma sanayiinin önemini anlamış ve yatırımlar yapmaya başlamıştır. Türkiye’nin güvenlik politikaları oluşturulurken savunma sanayi stratejileri silahlı kuvvetlerin ihtiyaçlara göre şekillenmektedir ve özel sektör ile ortak projeler gerçekleştirilmektedir. Beş yıllık kalkınma planları incelendiğinde Türkiye’nin son 20 yıl içerisinde savunma sanayii alanında devlet yatırımlarını arttırdığı ve ayrı başlıklar altında savunma sanayii ile ilgili politikalar ortaya koyduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Türkiye’nin özel sektörünün gelişimi ile birlikte savunma sanayi pozitif büyüme göstermektedir.
Wars have a very important place in the history of Turkish states. It produced military technology products suitable for the period of the Turkish states in both defense and offensive fields. Turkish states actively used tools and equipment on the battlefields. After the emergence of gunpowder weapons and rifle technology, the war industry conjuncture of the period could not be followed. Especially in the 19th century and after, the foreign dependency rate in the field of defense and arms industry is very high. The Republic of Turkey, which was established after the Ottoman Empire, produced some defense industry products by the state in its first years, but the outbreak of the Second World War slowed the development of this industrial area. Turkey's urgent need for armament and the modernization of the army has created. Therefore, the development of domestic R&D products has been interrupted. In the post-war period, the world was now divided into two poles and since Turkey is among the countries of the Western bloc, it added American weapons to its inventory within the scope of Marshall aid. Although this process continued until the early 1970s, Turkey understood the importance of the domestic defense industry and started investments due to the arms embargoes imposed by NATO allies after 1974. While Turkey's security policies are being formed, defense industry strategies are shaped according to the needs of the armed forces and joint projects are carried out with the private sector. When the five-year development plans are examined, it is seen that Turkey has increased its state investments in the defense industry in the last 20 years and put forward the policies related to the defense industry under separate headings. With the development of Turkey's private sector, the defense industry shows a positive growth.
Wars have a very important place in the history of Turkish states. It produced military technology products suitable for the period of the Turkish states in both defense and offensive fields. Turkish states actively used tools and equipment on the battlefields. After the emergence of gunpowder weapons and rifle technology, the war industry conjuncture of the period could not be followed. Especially in the 19th century and after, the foreign dependency rate in the field of defense and arms industry is very high. The Republic of Turkey, which was established after the Ottoman Empire, produced some defense industry products by the state in its first years, but the outbreak of the Second World War slowed the development of this industrial area. Turkey's urgent need for armament and the modernization of the army has created. Therefore, the development of domestic R&D products has been interrupted. In the post-war period, the world was now divided into two poles and since Turkey is among the countries of the Western bloc, it added American weapons to its inventory within the scope of Marshall aid. Although this process continued until the early 1970s, Turkey understood the importance of the domestic defense industry and started investments due to the arms embargoes imposed by NATO allies after 1974. While Turkey's security policies are being formed, defense industry strategies are shaped according to the needs of the armed forces and joint projects are carried out with the private sector. When the five-year development plans are examined, it is seen that Turkey has increased its state investments in the defense industry in the last 20 years and put forward the policies related to the defense industry under separate headings. With the development of Turkey's private sector, the defense industry shows a positive growth.