Publication: Biyo-bazlı poliüretan köpüklerin hazırlanması ve karakterizasyonu
Abstract
İlk kez Otto Bayer tarafından 1937 yılında sentezlenen poliüretanlar günlük hayatımızda en sık kullandığımız polimerlerin en başında gelmektedir. Diol ile diizosiyonatın reaksiyonu ile elde edilen poliüretanlar, su bulunan ortamda su ile diizosiyanatın bir kısmı ile birleşerek CO2 gazı açığa çıkarır ve poliüretanın gözenekli yapısını yani poliüretan köpük adını verdiğimiz ürünleri meydana getirirler. Günümüzde kullanılan ticari poliüretanların büyük çoğunluğu petrol kaynaklı malzemeler kullanılarak sentezlenir ve bu durum beraberinde çeşitli sorunlar getirir. Petrolün gün geçtikçe yükselen fiyatları, iklim krizine neden olan çevre kirliliği ve gelişen teknolojiye rağmen hala fosil yakıtlara bağlı bir endüstri olması poliüretan sektörü için olumsuz durumlardandır. Bundan dolayı endüstrinin, sanayinin ve günlük hayatın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olan poliüretan malzemelere daha çevreci çözümler bulmak elzemdir. Geçmişten günümüze biyobazlı poliüretan köpükler konusunda oldukça yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Sentetik kimyaya en uygun malzemelerden olan bitkisel yağlar çevreci poliüretan köpükler yapmak için çok kullanışlıdır. Biyo-bazlı polimerler, bitkisel yağların modifikasyonu ile elde edilmektedir ve inşaat, yapı malzemesi, plastik ve kompozit olarak kullanışlıdır. Tüm bu avantajlı durumlar, bu konu üzerindeki çalışmaları da beraberinde arttırmıştır. Bu bitkisel yağlardan yüksek doymamışlığa sahip keten yağı, tung yağı, ayçiçek yağı, soya yağı ve hint yağı bu tür çalışmalarda sıklıkla tercih edilir. Bu çalışmada hint yağı esaslı alev geciktirici ile zenginleştirilmiş dimer diamin esaslı poliol ile hint yağı birlikte kullanılarak poliüretan köpükler elde edilmiştir.
Polurethanes which were first synthesized by Otto Bayer in 1937, are considerable polymers that we use most frequently in daily life. They are obtained reaaction of between diol and diisocynate. İf there is a water in the system, water and isocyanate combine and realese CO2 gase so porous structure of polyurethane is formed and they called polyurethane foam. The majority of commercial polyurethanes used today are synthesized from petrolium-derived materials and this stitutation and this situation brings along various problems. This unfavorable stitutations can be listed as cost of petrolium-derived materials, enviromental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, it is essential to find more environmentally friendly solutions for polyurethane materials, which are an indispensable part of industry and daily life. From past to present, a lot of studies have been carried out on biobased polyurethane foams. Vegetable oils are the most suitable materials for synthetic chemistry so they are useful for synthesizing polyurethane foams. Bio-based polymers obtained as a result of chemical modification of vegetable oils; It can be used as plastic, composite, construction building and bio-material. Highly unsaturated flax oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and castor oil are often preferred in such studies. In this study, castor oil based flame retardant and dimer diamine based polyol were synthesized. The synthesized polyol was mixed with castor oil and a flame retardant was added to form a polyurethane foam.
Polurethanes which were first synthesized by Otto Bayer in 1937, are considerable polymers that we use most frequently in daily life. They are obtained reaaction of between diol and diisocynate. İf there is a water in the system, water and isocyanate combine and realese CO2 gase so porous structure of polyurethane is formed and they called polyurethane foam. The majority of commercial polyurethanes used today are synthesized from petrolium-derived materials and this stitutation and this situation brings along various problems. This unfavorable stitutations can be listed as cost of petrolium-derived materials, enviromental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, it is essential to find more environmentally friendly solutions for polyurethane materials, which are an indispensable part of industry and daily life. From past to present, a lot of studies have been carried out on biobased polyurethane foams. Vegetable oils are the most suitable materials for synthetic chemistry so they are useful for synthesizing polyurethane foams. Bio-based polymers obtained as a result of chemical modification of vegetable oils; It can be used as plastic, composite, construction building and bio-material. Highly unsaturated flax oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and castor oil are often preferred in such studies. In this study, castor oil based flame retardant and dimer diamine based polyol were synthesized. The synthesized polyol was mixed with castor oil and a flame retardant was added to form a polyurethane foam.