Publication: 2009-2017 arası küresel sistemin_x000D_
güvenlik dönüşümü:_x000D_
tek kutupluluk çok kutupluluğa karşı
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Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde sistemde tek süper güç olarak bulunan ABDoluşturduğu ittifaklar, kurumlar ve jeopolitik pazarlıklar aracılığıyla hegemonik bir düzenkurmuştur. ABD oluşturduğu bu düzende sahip olduğu askerî güç, kurduğu bölgeselittifaklar ve yaydığı kültürel yumuşak gücün avantajını kullanarak kendisini dünyapolitikasının merkezinde konumlandırmıştır. Bu tek kutuplu sistemde uluslararası normlar,insan hakları, finansal sistem ve hükümet davranışları büyük ölçüde ABD tarafındantasarlanmış, sahiplenilmiş ve bu uygulamalar diğer devletlerin siyasi ve hukuksal alanlarınayayılmıştır. Ancak 2000’li yıllardan itibaren uluslararası sistemde meydana gelen yenigelişmeler ve güvenlik sorunları, ABD tekelinde bulunan gücün yavaş fakat aşamalı olarakyeniden dağıtılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ABD’de Obama dönemiolarak bilinen 2009-2017 yılları arasında uluslararası sistemde tek kutupluluğun belirginşekilde zayıflamasına işaret eden ve küresel güç dengesinde değişime sebep olan önemligelişmelerin neoklasik realizm teorik çerçevesi ile incelenmesidir. Çalışmada uluslararasısistemdeki tek kutupluluğun dönüşüm süreci küresel ekonomik krizin yansımaları, Çin’inküresel aktör olarak yükselişi ve Rusya’nın küresel nüfuzunun belirginleşmesi bağlamındaele alınmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, uluslararası sistemdeki yapısal geçişinin devam ettiğive bu geçiş döneminde ABD-Çin ilişkilerinin rekabet potansiyeli taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir.
After the Cold War, the US, as the only superpower in the system, created a_x000D_ hegemonic system through alliances, institutions, and geopolitical negotiations. In this new_x000D_ world order, the US has positioned itself at the center of world politics by taking advantage of_x000D_ its military power, regional alliances, and cultural soft power. In this unipolar system,_x000D_ international norms, human rights, financial systems, and the behaviors of the governments_x000D_ have been largely designed and owned by the US and these practices have spread to the_x000D_ political and legal spheres of other states. However, since the 2000s, new developments in the_x000D_ international system leads to slow but gradual redistribution of the power, which was under_x000D_ US monopoly. The purpose of this study is to examine the important developments that point_x000D_ out to the weakening of unipolarity in the international system between 2009 and 2017,_x000D_ known as the Obama era, with the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism. In the_x000D_ study, the transformation process of unipolarity in the international system is discussed in the_x000D_ context of the reflections of the global economic crisis, the rise of China as a global actor, and_x000D_ the prominence of Russia’s global influence. As a result of the study, it has been determined_x000D_ that the structural transition of the international system continues and the Sino-US relations_x000D_ has a competitive potential.
After the Cold War, the US, as the only superpower in the system, created a_x000D_ hegemonic system through alliances, institutions, and geopolitical negotiations. In this new_x000D_ world order, the US has positioned itself at the center of world politics by taking advantage of_x000D_ its military power, regional alliances, and cultural soft power. In this unipolar system,_x000D_ international norms, human rights, financial systems, and the behaviors of the governments_x000D_ have been largely designed and owned by the US and these practices have spread to the_x000D_ political and legal spheres of other states. However, since the 2000s, new developments in the_x000D_ international system leads to slow but gradual redistribution of the power, which was under_x000D_ US monopoly. The purpose of this study is to examine the important developments that point_x000D_ out to the weakening of unipolarity in the international system between 2009 and 2017,_x000D_ known as the Obama era, with the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism. In the_x000D_ study, the transformation process of unipolarity in the international system is discussed in the_x000D_ context of the reflections of the global economic crisis, the rise of China as a global actor, and_x000D_ the prominence of Russia’s global influence. As a result of the study, it has been determined_x000D_ that the structural transition of the international system continues and the Sino-US relations_x000D_ has a competitive potential.