Publication: Toplumsal belleğin sinematografik sunumu: 2000 yılı sonrası türk sinemasında 12 eylül filmleri
Abstract
(TOPLUMSAL BELLEĞİN SİNEMATOGRAFİK SUNUMU: 2000 YILI SONRASI TÜRK SİNEMASINDA 12 EYLÜL FİLMLERİ) Toplumsal belleği güçlendirmenin, yaşadığımız anı tarihselleştirmenin en önemli sanatsal araçlarından biri sinemadır. Sinema sanat olmanın ötesinde çok daha farklı anlamlar taşıyan toplumsal bir olgudur. Filmler sosyo-kültürel ürünlerdir ve toplumsal bellek üzerinde önemli rol oynarlar. Dünyaya ilişkin algı ve anlamlandırmaları yönlendirirler. Mevcut anlamlandırmalar, benliğimizi şekillendirir ve alışkanlıklarımız değiştirirler. 12 Eylül 1980 dönemi Türkiye’de askeri darbenin yaşandığı, siyasal ve toplumsal açıdan sancılı geçen bir dönem olmuştur. Günümüz Türkiye’sinde yaşanmakta olan hızlı toplumsal dönüşüm sürecini anlamlandırmaya çalışırken, 12 Eylül 1980 askeri darbesi önemli bir tarihsel dönemeç oluşturur. 80’lerin ilk yarısı darbenin etkisiyle baskının, yasağın, devletin şiddetinin hâkim olduğu bir dönemken, ikinci yarısından itibaren toplumun o güne kadar alışık olmadığı ilk bakışta kendini bir kurumsuzluk olarak sunan yasaklayıcı olmak yerine oluşturucu, kışkırtıcı ve içerici bir iktidar biçimi hâkim olmaya başlamıştır. 1980 dönemi içerisinde yaşanan zorluklar toplumun her kesiminde hissedilmiştir. Yaşanan bu toplumsal dönüşüm, kitle iletişim araçlarına da yansımıştır. Bu travmatik dönemin etkilerini konu alan sinema filmleri, günümüzde yankı uyandırmakta, belleklere yazılmaktadır. 12 Eylül 1980 darbe dönemine ilişkin ‘Vizontele Tuuba/ Yılmaz Erdoğan’ (2004), ‘Babam ve Oğlum/ Çağan Irmak’ (2005), ‘Eve Dönüş/ Ömer Uğur’ (2006), ‘Beynelmilel/ Sırrı Süreyya Önder, Muharrem Gülmez’ (2006) ve ‘Zincirbozan/ Atıl İnaç (2007)’ adlı yapımlar bu çalışmada incelenmiştir. Kitle iletişim aracı olan sinema, bilinçli söylemler üretmektedir. Filmlerde yer alan her unsurun toplumun belleğini oluşturmada etkisi mevcuttur. 1980’li yıllar, Türkiye ve dünya için değişimlerin yaşandığı bir dönem olmuştur. Türkiye’nin toplumsal hafızasında yer eden 12 Eylül 1980 darbe dönemi, geçen süre içinde filmlere konu olmuştur. Bellek, Toplumsal Bellek, Sinema, Kültür, Medya, 12 Eylül 1980, 12 Eylül Filmleri.
(A CINEMATOGRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY: SEPTEMBER 12 MOVIES IN TURKISH CINEMA AFTER THE YEAR 2000) One of the most important artistic means to improve the collective memory and to chronicle the moment is cinema. Cinema is a social phenomenon which means much more then being just a branch of art. Films are socio-cultural products and they have an important role in collective memory. They direct the perceptions and explanations towards the world. The existing explanations shape our egos and change our habits. The period of September 12, 1980 was a politically and socially painful period in Turkey when the military insurrection took place. As we try to explain the fast social transformation process taking place in Turkey today, the military insurrection in September 12 is an important historical turning point. Although the first half of the ‘80s was an era the pressure, restrictions and violence of the government was dominant because of the insurrection, starting with the second half a constructive, impulsive, and containing government instead of being restrictive started to rule in a way that presents itself as a non-corporation that the society was not used to until then. The difficulties experienced during the 1980 period were felt in all sections of the society. This social transformation was also reflected on mass communication. The films about the effects of this traumatic period have repercussions, and are written into memories today. In this work the films about September 12, ‘Vizontele Tuuba/ Yılmaz Erdoğan’ (2004), ‘Babam ve Oğlum/ Çağan Irmak’ (2005), ‘Eve Dönüş/ Ömer Uğur’ (2006), ‘Beynelmilel/ Sırrı Süreyya Önder, Muharrem Gülmez’ (2006) ve ‘Zincirbozan/ Atıl İnaç (2007)’ were studied. Cinema as a mass media produces a conscious discourse. Every element in these films has an effect on constructing a collective memory. 1980s was a period of change for Turkey and the whole world. The September 12 period that has a place in the collective memory of Turkey, has become theme of films during the time that passed. Memory, Collective Memory, Cinema, Culture, Media, September 12 1980, Films on September 12.
(A CINEMATOGRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY: SEPTEMBER 12 MOVIES IN TURKISH CINEMA AFTER THE YEAR 2000) One of the most important artistic means to improve the collective memory and to chronicle the moment is cinema. Cinema is a social phenomenon which means much more then being just a branch of art. Films are socio-cultural products and they have an important role in collective memory. They direct the perceptions and explanations towards the world. The existing explanations shape our egos and change our habits. The period of September 12, 1980 was a politically and socially painful period in Turkey when the military insurrection took place. As we try to explain the fast social transformation process taking place in Turkey today, the military insurrection in September 12 is an important historical turning point. Although the first half of the ‘80s was an era the pressure, restrictions and violence of the government was dominant because of the insurrection, starting with the second half a constructive, impulsive, and containing government instead of being restrictive started to rule in a way that presents itself as a non-corporation that the society was not used to until then. The difficulties experienced during the 1980 period were felt in all sections of the society. This social transformation was also reflected on mass communication. The films about the effects of this traumatic period have repercussions, and are written into memories today. In this work the films about September 12, ‘Vizontele Tuuba/ Yılmaz Erdoğan’ (2004), ‘Babam ve Oğlum/ Çağan Irmak’ (2005), ‘Eve Dönüş/ Ömer Uğur’ (2006), ‘Beynelmilel/ Sırrı Süreyya Önder, Muharrem Gülmez’ (2006) ve ‘Zincirbozan/ Atıl İnaç (2007)’ were studied. Cinema as a mass media produces a conscious discourse. Every element in these films has an effect on constructing a collective memory. 1980s was a period of change for Turkey and the whole world. The September 12 period that has a place in the collective memory of Turkey, has become theme of films during the time that passed. Memory, Collective Memory, Cinema, Culture, Media, September 12 1980, Films on September 12.