Publication: Alevilikte dört kapı kırk makam
Abstract
Alevilik, Geçmişte ve Günümüzde Yaşayışları ÖZET Yapısında en eski Türk inançlarından izler taşıyan Alevilik, Türk inanç, adet, gelenek ve göreneklerini, öğretilerini içine almış, zaman içinde yayılarak kitleleri etkileyen bir yaşam biçimi, bir felsefe haline dönüşmüştür. Hacı Bektaş-i Velî tarafından sistemleştirilen Alevilik ve Bektaşilik anlayışının temelini oluşturan öğretinin adı “Dört Kapı Kırk Makam” dır. Kırk makamın içinde maddi ve manevi hayata ait bölümler bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde Müslümanların ilk ihtilafları ve fırkalaşma süreci hakkında kısaca tarihi bilgi verilmiştir. Bu tarihi süreçte ortaya çıkan İslâm Mezheplerinden ve kısaca onların görüşlerinden bahsedilmiştir. I. Bölümün ilk kısmında Alevilik ve Kızılbaş isminin ilk çıkışından bugüne kadar geliş sürecine değinilmiştir. İkinci kısımda ise Anadolu da ki Türkmenlerin Şiilikten etkilenmeleri ve bunun sonucunda çıkan Alevilik anlayışından; Osmanlı Devleti ile yaşadıkları problemleri ve isyanlardan; Cumhuriyet sonrası Alevilik olarak kısaca geçirdikleri tarihi süreçten bahsettik. Son kısımda ise ibadet, erkân ve adap anlayışlarına dikkat çekerek, yaşama şekilleri hakkında bilgi vermiş olduk. II. Bölümde ise tezimizin de ismini taşıdığı, “Dört Kapı, Kırk Makam” hakkında bilgi verdik. Bunu yaparken de Hacı Bektaş-i Velî’nin, Makâlât’ında ve İmam Cafer-i Sadık’ın, Buyruk’undan faydalandık. Her iki eser arasında karşılaştırmalı olarak bilgi verdik. Bunun yanında bazı Alevilerin “Dört Kapı Kırk Makam” anlayışlarına da yer verdik. Sonuç ta ise, tezimizin bütünü hakkında genel bir değerlendirmede bulunduk. Alawism, Past and Present Lifestyle
Alawism that contains effects of the old Turkish beliefs troditions, experiences and creeds turned into a life style effects the Mass and a philosophy by spreading in time. The name of the Basis Understanding of Alawism and Bektashi which were systematized by Hajji Bektaşi Veli is “Four Doors Fourty Rules”. There are some parts relatied to the materiol and spritual life in the Fourty Rules. In the begining of this work, there is a short historical information abost the first controversies and seperation process of Muslims Islamic sects and their sights which arised in this historical process are alsa montioned. In the initial part of the first chapter the emergence duration of the name of Alaouite and Kizilbash was mentioned. In the second chapter we shortly mentioned arising of the Alaouite belief as a conclusion of Shiism effects on the Turks in Anatolia, problems and riats with the otoman Empire and Alaouites after the Republic. In the final chopter we gave information about the life styles of them by pointing ost the understanding of their marals, warship and important rules of Alaouites. In the second part of our Thesis we gave informotion abost the “The Four Doors Fourty Rutes”. While we were giving information we got help from the “Makalat” by Hajji Bektaşi Veli and “Buyruk” by Imam Cafer-i Sadik We made a comparison between the two of the books. In addition we mentioned the thoughts of some of the Alaouites. In the conciusion part we made an assesment about whole work. The past and today of the alaouite, the life style differences between the classicol Alaouites and the understanding of the todays Alaouites was told in this final part.
Alawism that contains effects of the old Turkish beliefs troditions, experiences and creeds turned into a life style effects the Mass and a philosophy by spreading in time. The name of the Basis Understanding of Alawism and Bektashi which were systematized by Hajji Bektaşi Veli is “Four Doors Fourty Rules”. There are some parts relatied to the materiol and spritual life in the Fourty Rules. In the begining of this work, there is a short historical information abost the first controversies and seperation process of Muslims Islamic sects and their sights which arised in this historical process are alsa montioned. In the initial part of the first chapter the emergence duration of the name of Alaouite and Kizilbash was mentioned. In the second chapter we shortly mentioned arising of the Alaouite belief as a conclusion of Shiism effects on the Turks in Anatolia, problems and riats with the otoman Empire and Alaouites after the Republic. In the final chopter we gave information about the life styles of them by pointing ost the understanding of their marals, warship and important rules of Alaouites. In the second part of our Thesis we gave informotion abost the “The Four Doors Fourty Rutes”. While we were giving information we got help from the “Makalat” by Hajji Bektaşi Veli and “Buyruk” by Imam Cafer-i Sadik We made a comparison between the two of the books. In addition we mentioned the thoughts of some of the Alaouites. In the conciusion part we made an assesment about whole work. The past and today of the alaouite, the life style differences between the classicol Alaouites and the understanding of the todays Alaouites was told in this final part.