Publication: Bütanol/ oktanol ve atık motor yağı karışımlarının dizel motorda kullanımı
Abstract
Dünyada fosil yakıtların azalması, artan enerji ihtiyacı ve yakıt fiyatları araştırmacıları alternatif yakıt arayışlarına itmiştir. Ayrıca son zamanlarda araştırmacılar atık malzemeleri geri dönüştürerek atıklardan enerji elde etmeye odaklanmışlardır. Her motorlu taşıtın mutlaka motor yağı ihtiyacı olduğu göz ardı edilmemelidir. Atık motor yağı, motorlar var olduğu sürece oluşacak önemli bir atıktır. Kullanılmış motor yağı toprağı, suyu kirletme ve insan sağlığına zarar verme potansiyeline sahiptir. Dizel motorlarda atık motor yağının alternatif bir yakıt olarak değerlendirilmesi, çevrenin zehirli ve tehlikeli kimyasallardan korunması ve fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığın azaltılması gibi birçok fayda sağlayacaktır. Bu tez çalışmasında öncelikle atık motor yağı, asit-kil yöntemi kullanılarak iyileştirilmiş ve dizel motorda kullanılabilecek yakıt haline dönüştürülmüştür. Atık motor yağından elde edilen yakıtın hala yoğunluğu ve viskozitesi yüksek olduğu için bütanol ve oktanol alkolleri ile karıştırılarak, D60-A20-B20 (%60 dizel + %20 iyileştirilmiş atık motor yağı + %20 Bütanol) ve D60-A20-O20 (%60 dizel + %20 iyileştirilmiş atık motor yağı + %20 Oktanol), iki farklı yakıt karışımı hazırlanmıştır. Dört zamanlı, dört silindirli bir dizel motor, sabit devirde (2000 d/ dak) ve gaz pedalının farklı konumlarında (%20, %30, %40 ve %50) karışım yakıtları ve dizel yakıtıyla çalıştırılmış, deneyler sonucunda elde edilen motor performans ve egzoz emisyon verileri incelenmiştir. Her test üç kere tekrar edilerek sonuçların ortalamaları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, D60-A20-O20 karışım yakıtıyla yapılan testlerde elde edilen performans ve emisyon değerleri D60-A20-B20 karışım yakıtıyla yapılan testlerde elde edilen değerlere kıyasla iyileşmiştir. Dizel yakıtlı çalışmalara göre, D60-A20-O20 karışım yakıtıyla yapılan çalışmalarda özellikle düşük yüklerde daha iyi performans ve emisyon değerleri elde edilmiştir. HC emisyonları ise tüm deney şartlarında diğer yakıtlara göre D60-A20-O20 karışım yakıtıyla yapılan çalışmalarda yüksek çıkmıştır. Genel olarak D60- A20-O20 karışım yakıtı ile yapılan testlerde emisyon ve performans açısından en uygun sonuçlar alınmıştır.
Decreasing amount of fossil fuels, increasing need in energy and fuel prices have pushed researchers to search for alternative fuels. In addition, researchers recently have been focused on obtaining energy from waste by recycling waste materials. Every motor vehicle need in engine oil should not be ignored, and waste engine oil is an important waste that will be generated as long as the engines exist. Used engine oil has the potential to pollute the environment and harm human health. In diesel engines, the use of waste engine oil as an alternative fuel will provide many benefits, such as protecting the environment from toxic and dangerous chemicals, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. In this thesis, first of all, waste motor oil was improved by using the acid-clay method and converted into fuel that can be used as fuel in diesel engines. Since the density and viscosity of the fuel obtained from waste motor oil is high, it is mixed with butanol and octanol alcohols. Two different fuel mixtures, D60-A20-B20 (60% diesel + 20% improved waste engine oil + 20% Butanol) and D60-A20-O20 (60% diesel + 20% improved waste engine oil + 20% Octanol) were prepared. A four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine was operated at constant speed (2000 rpm) and at different positions of the accelerator pedal (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with mixed fuels and diesel fuel. The engine performance and exhaust emission data were obtained. Each test was repeated three times and the average of the results was examined. According to the results obtained, the performance and emission values obtained in the tests performed with the D60-A20-O20 fuel have improved compared to the values obtained in the tests performed with the D60-A20-B20 fuel. Compared to diesel fuel tests, better performance and emission values were obtained especially at low loads in studies with D60-A20-O20 fuel. On the other hand, HC emissions were found to be higher in the tests performed with D60-A20- O20 fuel compared to other fuels in all experimental conditions. In general, the most appropriate results in terms of emissions and performance were obtained in the tests performed with D60-A20-O20 fuel.
Decreasing amount of fossil fuels, increasing need in energy and fuel prices have pushed researchers to search for alternative fuels. In addition, researchers recently have been focused on obtaining energy from waste by recycling waste materials. Every motor vehicle need in engine oil should not be ignored, and waste engine oil is an important waste that will be generated as long as the engines exist. Used engine oil has the potential to pollute the environment and harm human health. In diesel engines, the use of waste engine oil as an alternative fuel will provide many benefits, such as protecting the environment from toxic and dangerous chemicals, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. In this thesis, first of all, waste motor oil was improved by using the acid-clay method and converted into fuel that can be used as fuel in diesel engines. Since the density and viscosity of the fuel obtained from waste motor oil is high, it is mixed with butanol and octanol alcohols. Two different fuel mixtures, D60-A20-B20 (60% diesel + 20% improved waste engine oil + 20% Butanol) and D60-A20-O20 (60% diesel + 20% improved waste engine oil + 20% Octanol) were prepared. A four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine was operated at constant speed (2000 rpm) and at different positions of the accelerator pedal (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with mixed fuels and diesel fuel. The engine performance and exhaust emission data were obtained. Each test was repeated three times and the average of the results was examined. According to the results obtained, the performance and emission values obtained in the tests performed with the D60-A20-O20 fuel have improved compared to the values obtained in the tests performed with the D60-A20-B20 fuel. Compared to diesel fuel tests, better performance and emission values were obtained especially at low loads in studies with D60-A20-O20 fuel. On the other hand, HC emissions were found to be higher in the tests performed with D60-A20- O20 fuel compared to other fuels in all experimental conditions. In general, the most appropriate results in terms of emissions and performance were obtained in the tests performed with D60-A20-O20 fuel.