Publication: İNSAN HAKLARI AVRUPA SÖZLEŞMESİ VE TÜRKİYE (KARŞILAŞTIRMALI GÖZLEMLER)
Abstract
İHAS Başlangıç’ta geçen “gerçekten demokratik rejim” ve “ hu- kukun üstünlüğü” kavramlarının ulusal ve insan hakları Avrupa koruma sisteminde hayata nasıl geçirildiğini ortaya koymak için, Sözleşme’nin ilk elli yılında ulusal hukuk sistemimiz üzerindeki yol gösterici ve belir- leyici etkisi vurgulanabilir. Özellikle son on yılda ise, kendini gösteren hükümet istikrarına, Anayasa’da yapılan değişikliklere ve yasal güven- celere karşın bunların uygulamaya beklenildiği gibi yansıması mümkün olmamıştır. Son on yılda Türkiye’de “demokrasi” anlayışını incelerken, onun nasıl yalnızca çoğunlukçu (teknik) boyutuyla sınırlı olarak algılandığını; etik boyutunu incelerken ise Anayasa metninde insan haklarına dair yer verilen güvence ölçütlerinin ve sınırlama ilkelerinin başta “yürütme” gelmek üzere devlet organlarınca yeterince benimsenmeyerek bireylere Avrupa ölçeğinde bir demokratik standart sağlanamadığını irdelemekte fayda bulunmaktadır. “Gerçekten demokratik rejim” ve “hukukun üstünlüğü” kavramla- rını anayasal fren ve denge düzeneği bakımından ele aldığımızda, erkler içindeki ve arasındaki fren ve denge mekanizmaları ile merkez-çevre arasındaki dengeleyici düzeneklerin ya aşamalı olarak kaldırıldığı ya da işlevsizleştirildiği görülmektedir.
The leading and determinative effect of the European Convention over our national legal system throughout its first fifty years can be examined by exploring how the concepts of “effective political democracy” and “the rule of law” have been actualised by human rights protection mechanisms both nationally and Europe-wide. For the last ten years in particular, despite the governmental stability achieved, the constitutional amendments made and the legal guarantees given, it has not been possible to observe their desired outcome in practice. It is practical to dmeonstrate how, for the past ten years, the concept of “democracy” in Turkey has been perceived only in its majoritarian meaning through analyzing the ethical dimension of democracy and showing how individuals fail to be provided with a democratic standard on a European scale because of an insufficient acceptance of the constitutional guarantees of human rights and the principles of restriction regarding them by the organs of the state. As we aproach the concepts of “effective political democracy” and “the rule of law” in terms of constitutional arangements of checks and balances, the paper observes that the mechanisms of checks and balances within and between powers and the balancing systems between the center and the periphery have been either incrementally abolished or disfunctionalized.
The leading and determinative effect of the European Convention over our national legal system throughout its first fifty years can be examined by exploring how the concepts of “effective political democracy” and “the rule of law” have been actualised by human rights protection mechanisms both nationally and Europe-wide. For the last ten years in particular, despite the governmental stability achieved, the constitutional amendments made and the legal guarantees given, it has not been possible to observe their desired outcome in practice. It is practical to dmeonstrate how, for the past ten years, the concept of “democracy” in Turkey has been perceived only in its majoritarian meaning through analyzing the ethical dimension of democracy and showing how individuals fail to be provided with a democratic standard on a European scale because of an insufficient acceptance of the constitutional guarantees of human rights and the principles of restriction regarding them by the organs of the state. As we aproach the concepts of “effective political democracy” and “the rule of law” in terms of constitutional arangements of checks and balances, the paper observes that the mechanisms of checks and balances within and between powers and the balancing systems between the center and the periphery have been either incrementally abolished or disfunctionalized.