Publication: Kapitalist üretim ilişkilerinde dönüşüm ve çevre
Abstract
Kapitalizm ve çevre, Çevre, Kapitalist üretim ilişkileri, Küresel Ayakizi, Çevre kirliliği, Küreselleşme ve çevre ÖZET KAPİTALİST ÜRETİM İLİŞKİLERİNDE DÖNÜŞÜM VE ÇEVRE Doğal kaynaklar üzerinde oluşan baskı sanayi devrimi ile başlayıp üretimde modern tekniklerin kullanılmasından günümüze kadar yoğun bir şekilde devam etmektedir. Sistem reklamlar ve teşvikler yoluyla daha fazla tüketimi özendirerek yeni ihtiyaçlar yaratılması yoluyla doğal kaynakların çok büyük oranda yok edilmesine ve kaynakların kötü kullanılmasına bağlı olarak geniş bir kirliliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “yaratılmış ihtiyaçların” karşılanması için gerçekleştirilmiş tüketimin her zaman ön planda olmasından hareketle kapitalist üretim sisteminin çevre sorunlarına etkilerini ele almak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda kapitalist üretim sisteminin yapısı ve çevreye olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Çevreyi olumsuz etkileyen olaylar zaman zaman bölgesel sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ancak çevresel olayların etkisi asıl olarak küreseldir. Bu nedenle çalışmada çevreyle ilgili bölgesel çalışmalara kısaca değinildikten sonra, küresel düzeydeki çalışmalar ve özellikle Birleşmiş Milletler kaynaklı önemli toplantı ve belgeler de özetlenmiştir. Çalışmada mevcut sorunları çözebilmek için üretim sistemi içinde ve bu üretim sisteminin yarattığı tüketim kültürü ve alışkanlıklarla ilgili köklü değişikliklerin yapılması gerekmektedir. Sermaye birikimine dayalı üretim için üretim sistemi değil, insanı ve gerçek ihtiyaçlarını esas alan tüketim için üretim sistemine geçilmelidir. Bu nedenle en etkin koruma yolunun, bizzat tüketicilerin, haklarına sahip çıkarak yasayla tanınan yollardan yaygın biçimde yararlanmaları, bunun için de tüketicilerin aydınlatılması, bilinçlendirilmesi, eğitilmesi ve örgütlenmesi konularına ağırlık verilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Name and Surname: Arzu Kırcal Field: Labor Economics and Industrial Relations Programme: Management and Labor Psychology Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Özgür Müftüoğlu Degree Awarded and Date: Master – İstanbul 2010 Key Words: Capitalism and environment, Environment, Capitalist production relations, Global footprint, Environmental pollution, Globalization and environment
THE TRANSFORMATION OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT The pressure on natural resources, which began with the introduction of modern production techniques during the Industrial Revolution, has continued into the present time with growing intensity. Through advertisements and incentives, the system makes consumption more attractive thus leading to both the massive destruction of natural resources and through their misuse, to extensive pollution. Considering that production to meet the “created needs” has always been a major concern of the capitalistic system, this study aims to dwell upon the effects of capitalistic production on environmental problems. In this context, it takes under scrutiny, the structure of the capitalistic system and its effects on the environment. Harms on the environment may sometimes be limited within regional boundaries. However, environmental disasters are indeed of global dimension. Hence, after a brief look upon the local efforts for the environment, this study focuses upon global ones and especially presents a summary of important meetings and documents initiated by the United Nations. The study shows that to solve the current problems radical changes are required within the production system and the consumption culture and habits created by it. The system of production for the sake of production based on capital accumulation must be replaced with a system of production for consumption based on the real needs of the people. This study concludes noting that the best way of natural preservation is for the consumers themselves to protect their rights and resort to the law when necessary. Therefore, efforts must be intensified to increase the awareness of the consumers and to enlighten, educate and organize them.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT The pressure on natural resources, which began with the introduction of modern production techniques during the Industrial Revolution, has continued into the present time with growing intensity. Through advertisements and incentives, the system makes consumption more attractive thus leading to both the massive destruction of natural resources and through their misuse, to extensive pollution. Considering that production to meet the “created needs” has always been a major concern of the capitalistic system, this study aims to dwell upon the effects of capitalistic production on environmental problems. In this context, it takes under scrutiny, the structure of the capitalistic system and its effects on the environment. Harms on the environment may sometimes be limited within regional boundaries. However, environmental disasters are indeed of global dimension. Hence, after a brief look upon the local efforts for the environment, this study focuses upon global ones and especially presents a summary of important meetings and documents initiated by the United Nations. The study shows that to solve the current problems radical changes are required within the production system and the consumption culture and habits created by it. The system of production for the sake of production based on capital accumulation must be replaced with a system of production for consumption based on the real needs of the people. This study concludes noting that the best way of natural preservation is for the consumers themselves to protect their rights and resort to the law when necessary. Therefore, efforts must be intensified to increase the awareness of the consumers and to enlighten, educate and organize them.