Publication: XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Belçika ekonomik ilişkileri
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti ile Belçika Krallığı arasındaki ekonomik ilişkileri, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşiv'i ve Belçika Dışişleri ve Ticaret Bakanlığı arşivlerinden temin ettiğimiz belgeler ışığında inceledik. 1830'da bağımsızlığını kazanan Belçika Krallığı ile ilk ticari antlaşma 3 Ağustos 1838'de Balta Limanı'nda imzalanmıştır.Bunun haricinde aynı yüzyıl içinde imzalanan üç ticari antlaşma daha vardır.1840 ve 1861 yılındaki antlaşmalar ilkiyle aynı niteliktedir.1863'te imzalanan son antlaşma ise Anvers limanına ulaşan su yolunun kullanımıyla ilgili uluslararası bir antlaşmadır. 1839,1850 ve 1862 yıllarında düzenlenen üç gümrük tarifesi ise iki ülke arasındaki ticari faaliyet hakkında önemli bir göstergedir.Genelde Belçika lehine gelişen bir ticari ilişkiden söz edilebilir.Belçika Dışişleri Bakanlığı'nda bulduğumuz belgeler de bunu doğrular niteliktedir.Osmanlı Devleti'nin ticari merkezlerine mamul mallar ihraç eden Belçika,buralardan ancak hammadde,halı ve benzeri hususi mamul ürünler ithal etmektedir. Belçika bir çok Osmanlı vilayetinde konsolosluk açmış ve atadığı konsoloslar aracılığı ile bölgelerin ticari potansiyelleri ve ihtiyaç duyulan ürünler hakkında araştırmalar yaptırmıştır.Araştırma raporları düzenli olarak Bürüksel'e aktarılmıştır.Konsoloslar iki ülke arasındaki ticaretin gelişmesine önemli katkılarda bulunmuşlar,yaptıkları çalışmalarla büyük Osmanlı pazarında etkin olmanın yollarını aramışlardır. 1878 yılına ait kayıtlarda Belçika, 80753 altın liralık ithalat ve 69 altın liralık ihracat ile Osmanlı Devletinin ithalat ve ihracat yaptığı ülkeler sıralamasında % 0.4 ve % 0.0'lık paya sahipken; yüzyılın sonunda (1899) bu oranlar 660365 altın liralık ithalat ve 92148 altın liralık ihracatla % 2.7 (ithalat) ve % 0.6 (ihracat) değerlerine yükselmiştir.Rakamlar sürekli artan bir ticaret hacminin varlığını göstermektedir.
We have investigated the economic relations between the Ottoman empire and the kingdom of Belgium in the light of the documents taken from the Ottoman archives of the prime ministry and from the ministry of foreign affairs of Belgium. The first trade agreement with the kingdom of Belgium, which became independent in 1830, was signed at 3 August 1838 in Balta Limanı. Apart from this agreement, there are three additional trade agreements within the same century. The agreements in 1840 and 1861 had the same character with the first one. The last one, signed in 1863, was an international agreement concerning the use of water-way reaching to the port of Anvers. The three tariff arrangements in years 1839, 1850 and 1862 are an important indication of the trade activities between the two states. In general the trade was more beneficial to Belgium than to the Ottoman empire. The documents we found at the ministry of foreign affairs of Belgium confirm this fact. Belgium was exporting processed goods to the trade centers of the Ottoman empire while she was importing only row materials and some special processed products like carpets. Belgium has opened consulates in many Ottoman cities and she made research concerning the trade potentials of some regions and the goods needed in those regions through her diplomats. The research reports had been transferred to Brussels regularly. The diplomats had contributed a lot to the development of trade between the two countries and they had tried to find ways of being more influential in the big markets of the Ottoman empire. While in the records of the year 1878, the import and export figures of the Ottoman empire from/ to Belgium were 80753 (0,4 %) and 69 (0,0 %) gold liras respectively, at the end of the century (1899) these figures improved to an import figure of 660365 (2,7 %) gold liras and to an export figure of 92148 (0,6 %) gold liras.
We have investigated the economic relations between the Ottoman empire and the kingdom of Belgium in the light of the documents taken from the Ottoman archives of the prime ministry and from the ministry of foreign affairs of Belgium. The first trade agreement with the kingdom of Belgium, which became independent in 1830, was signed at 3 August 1838 in Balta Limanı. Apart from this agreement, there are three additional trade agreements within the same century. The agreements in 1840 and 1861 had the same character with the first one. The last one, signed in 1863, was an international agreement concerning the use of water-way reaching to the port of Anvers. The three tariff arrangements in years 1839, 1850 and 1862 are an important indication of the trade activities between the two states. In general the trade was more beneficial to Belgium than to the Ottoman empire. The documents we found at the ministry of foreign affairs of Belgium confirm this fact. Belgium was exporting processed goods to the trade centers of the Ottoman empire while she was importing only row materials and some special processed products like carpets. Belgium has opened consulates in many Ottoman cities and she made research concerning the trade potentials of some regions and the goods needed in those regions through her diplomats. The research reports had been transferred to Brussels regularly. The diplomats had contributed a lot to the development of trade between the two countries and they had tried to find ways of being more influential in the big markets of the Ottoman empire. While in the records of the year 1878, the import and export figures of the Ottoman empire from/ to Belgium were 80753 (0,4 %) and 69 (0,0 %) gold liras respectively, at the end of the century (1899) these figures improved to an import figure of 660365 (2,7 %) gold liras and to an export figure of 92148 (0,6 %) gold liras.